Identifying Vulnerable Groups in the Kyrgyz Labour Market: Some Implications for the National Poverty Reduction Strategy

This paper investigates the overlap between employment status and poverty, drawing particular attention to the working poor and precarious workers, and to the existence of multiple labor-related risks faced by specific groups. This analysis is undertaken using the Kyrgyz Poverty Monitoring Survey, which is the only survey to date that allows a comprehensive analysis of poverty and labor market outcomes in the Kyrgyz Republic. The period under investigation covers the years 1997-1998, for which data are available. A key finding of this analysis is the extreme vulnerability of low-educated people and women in Kyrgyzstan, who cumulated a high risk of being unemployed, of remaining longer in unemployment, of being discouraged, and if employed, of being low-paid or working in precarious jobs.household surveys, unemployment, employment, working conditions, poverty, wage determination, vulnerable groups

Pore Geometry And Permeability Modeling From Pressure Dependence Of Transport Properties In Sandstone

In this paper, a model of the pore geometry of sandstones is proposed. Three categories of pores are considered: large spherical pores at 4-grain vertices, tube-like throats at 3-grain edges and narrow sheet-like throats at 2-grain faces. Tube-like and sheet-like throats control the transport properties whereas nodal pores dominate the storing capacity. Tube-like throats tend to enhance permeability and improve accessibility to the storage pore space. Exploiting the fact that these different types of pores .respond very differently to pressure, it is possible to evaluate the volume fraction of each category of pores in the framework of a simple capillary model. This approach was applied to data from the literature. Satisfactory fit was obtained for most of the sandstones considered. The exceptions seemed to be associated with high clay content which was not accounted for by the model.United States. Army Research Office (DAAG 29-85-G-OOll)United States. Army Research Office (DAAG 29-85-K-0226)Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Earth Resources Laboratory. Founding Members Progra