Datos cariológicos y taxonómicos sobre el género Teucrium L. (Labiatae) en la Península Ibérica

52 Spanish populations of 28 taxa of the genus Teucrium L. are studied caryologically, reporting for the first time the chromosome numbers of the following taxa: I fruticans L. (2n = 30); T. pseudochamaepitys L. (2n = 60); T. webbianum Boiss., (2n = 32 + 0-1B, 48 + 0- 2B); T. fragile Boiss., (2n = 32); T. libanitis Schreber, (2n = 26); T. carolipaui C. Vicioso ex Pau, (2n = 26); T. carolipaui susbp .fontqueri (Sennen) Rivas-Martínez, (2n = 26); T. lepicephalum Pall, (2n = 26); T. turredanum Losa &Rivas Goday, (2n = 26); T. capitatum subsp. gradllimum (Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo, (2n = 26); T.exp expansum Pau, (2n = 26 + 0-2B, 52 + 0-2B); T. lusitanicum Schreber subsp. aureoformis (Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo, (2n = 52); T. haenseleri Boiss. (2n = 26) T. chrysotrichum Lange, (2n = 26), T. lanigerum Lag. (2n = 26) as well as the triploid level of T. capitatum (3x = 39), and the diploid level of T. aureum subsp. angustifolium (Willk.) Puech (2x = 26). In regard to nomenclature, the following combinations are proposed: T.capitatumL. subsp. gracilimum (Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo y T lusitanicum Schreber subsp. aureoformis (Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo. The base number of the various sections of the genus is established, and the Iberian and Balearic species are assigned to their corresponding section. A hypothesis about the original base number is presented.Se estudian cariológicamente 52 poblaciones españolas correspondientes a 28 taxones del género Teucrium L., dándose a conocer por primera vez los números cromosómicos de los siguientes taxones: T fruticans L., (2n = 30); T. pseudochamaepitys L. ( 2n = 60); T. webbianum Boiss., (2n = 32 + 0-1B,48 + 0-2B); T.fragile Boiss., (2n = 32); T. libaniiis Schreber, (2n= 26); T. carolipaui C. Vicioso exPau, (2n = 26); T. carolipaui subsp. fontqueri (Sennen) Rivas-Martínez, (2n = 26) T. lepicephalum Pau, (2n = 26); T. turredanum Losa &Rivas Goday, (211 = 26); T.capita/urnsubsp. gracillimum(Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo, (2n = 26); T.expansum Pau, (2n = 26 + 0-2B, 52 + 0-2B); T lusitanicumSchreber subsp. aureoformis (Rouy) Valdés- Bermejo, (2n = 52); T. haenseleri Boiss. (2n = 26); T. chrysotrichum Lange, (2n = 26), T. lanigerum Lag. (2n = 26), y los niveles triploide para T. capitatum (3x = 39) y diploide para T. aureum subsp. angustifolium (Willk.) Puech (2x = 26). Se establece el número básico para las distintas secciones del género e incluimos en ellas las distintas especies Ibéricas y Baleáricas, y se emite hipótesis sobre el número básico originario. En lo nomenclatural se proponen las siguientes combinaciones: T. capitatum L. subsp. ,gracilimum(Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo y T. lusitanicum Schreber subsp. aureoformis (Rouy) Valdés-Bermejo

Evolución de ciertas características demográficas de las madres de niños sin defectos congénitos a lo largo de los últimos 26 años y por Comunidades Autónomas

Epidemiología y Teratología: Resultados sobre los datos del ECEMCIn this study we analyzed the evolution of maternal age along time (the last 26 years) and by Spanish Regions. We also estimated the sex ratio by each year of maternal age in the first pregnancy and in women with more than one previous pregnancy. The results showed that in all Spanish Regions, with some differences among them, there was an important increase in maternal age as the number of sibs increased. We also observed throughout the country an increase in the number of women working outside of the home. Additionally, the sex ration in the first pregnancy by each year of maternal age showed a high proportion of males in each maternal age from 15 years of, age to 36, but from 37 onwards, there were more females than males. This inversion was not observed in mothers with more than one previous pregnancy, who had more males than females in almost all ages. The progressive incorporation of women to the workforce is one of the factors used to explain the observed increasing age for the first pregnancy. This increasing maternal age could have different consequences, such as the alleged potential effect on the sex ratio at birth. Several authors have tried to explain these changes by applying the Trivers and Willard's model that hypothesizes that vertebrates adaptively vary the sex ratio of their offspring in response to the mother´s physical condition. We posit that this relationship is more complex than this. The notable advances in biomedical scientific knowledge and obstetric care have had a marked influence on human beings, not only as it relates to reproduction but also during all the stages of their lives. This influences all adaptive biological mechanisms that, together with the physiological differences with animals including primates, does not make it possible to apply the Trivers and Willard model to human beings.N

Lupus anticoagulant in patients without thrombotic or obstetric complications

El inhibidor lúpico (IL) es un criterio de laboratorio para síndrome antifosfolipídico (SAF); sin embargo, puede detectarse en individuos asintomáticos o estar asociado a otras situaciones clínicas. Presentamos un análisis retrospectivo de 2000 exámenes consecutivos para IL (TTPA, DRVVT), de los cuales 499 casos no presentaban criterios clínicos de SAF (trombosis o complicaciones obstétricas). Aplicando los criterios SSC-ISTH, hallamos IL+ en 27,3% (410/1501) y 43,3% (216/499) de los casos con y sin clínica de SAF respectivamente, analizándose en los casos no-SAF las características clínicas y de laboratorio. Contexto clínico de casos IL+ no-SAF: 18,0% asintomáticos, 34,3% sangrado (epistaxis, gingivorragia, equimosis, hematomas espontáneos) y 47,7% otras manifestaciones (infertilidad, insuficiencia renal crónica, desórdenes autoinmunes, cardiopatía isquémica, trombocitopenia inmune, entre otras). Otras alteraciones de laboratorio en casos IL+ no- SAF, con síntomas de sangrado: alteraciones plaquetarias, descenso de VWF:RCo y/o VWF:Ag, disthrombocytopeminución de FVIII, FII, FV, FVII, FXI o fibrinógeno (sólo o sumado a disminución de plaquetas o FX), inhibidor a-FV o hiperfibrinolisis fueron detectadas en el 55,4% de los casos. El análisis mostró IL+ en un número importante de estudios (216/2000) sin criterios de SAF (1,95% en individuos asintomáticos, 3,70% en pacientes con síntomas de sangrado y 5,15% en casos con otro contexto clínico). Los casos con IL+ y sangrado representan un desafío particular, al requerir evaluar otros posibles defectos subyacentes, que pudiesen justificar el comportamiento clínico. La detección e identificación de defectos combinados requiere de un análisis minucioso, a fin de alcanzar un diagnóstico correcto, esencial para tomar decisiones terapéuticas adecuadas.Despite lupus anticoagulant (LA) is a laboratory criterion for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), it can be present in asymptomatic subjects or it can be associated with other clinical settings. We present a retrospective analysis of 2000 consecutive LA assays (APTT, DRVVT), 499 of them were performed in patients without APS clinical criteria (thrombosis or obstetric complications). According to SSC-ISTH criteria, LA+ was found in 27.3% (410/1501) and 43.3% (216/499) of cases with or without APS criteria respectively; in no-APS group, the analysis of clinical background and laboratory features was done. Clinical background of LA+ cases no-APS: 18.0% asymptomatic, 34.3% bleeding symptoms (epistaxis, gingivorrhagia, bruising, spontaneous hematomas) and 47.7% other clinical settings (infertility, chronic kidney disease, autoimmune disorders, ischemic heart disease, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, among others). Other abnormal laboratory tests in LA+ cases no- APS with bleeding symptoms: platelet dysfunction; low VWF:RCo and/or VWF:Ag; decrease of FVIII, FII, FV, FVII, FXI or fibrinogen (alone or with low platelet count or low FX), a-FV inhibitor and hyperfibrinolysis were found in the 55.4% of the cases. The analysis showed LA+ in an important number of cases (216/2000) without APS criteria (1.95% in asymptomatic cases, 3.70% in patients with bleeding symptoms and 5.15% in cases with other clinical settings). Those LA+ cases with bleeding symptoms represent a particular challenge because other possible underlying defects have to be analysed in order to explain the clinical behaviour. The detection and identifications of combined defects required a careful analysis in order to achieve an accurate diagnosis, essential for therapeutic decisions.Fil: Remotti, L.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Grosso, S. H.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Ingratti, M. F.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Vera Morandini, Maria Paula. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Woods, Adriana Inés. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Bermejo, E. I.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Sánchez Luceros, Analía Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; Argentina. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Meschengieser, S. S.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; ArgentinaFil: Lazzari, María Ángela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Medicina Experimental. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Blanco, A. N.. Academia Nacional de Medicina de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Investigaciones Hematológicas ; Argentin

A retrospective, multicenter study of the efficacy of lapatinib plus trastuzumab in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients previously treated with trastuzumab, lapatinib, or both: the Trastyvere study

[Purpose]: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of lapatinib (L) and trastuzumab (T) combination in HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients previously treated with T and/or L.[Materials and methods]: We conducted a retrospective, post-authorized, multicenter study including patients with HER2-positive MBC or locally advanced breast cancer (ABC) treated with the combination of L–T. Concomitant endocrine therapy, as well as brain metastasis and/or prior exposure to L, were allowed.[Results]: One hundred and fifteen patients from 14 institutions were included. The median age was 59.8 years. The median number of prior T regimens in the advanced setting was 3 and 73 patients had received a prior L regimen. The clinical benefit rate (CBR) was 34.8% (95% CI 26.1–43.5). Among other efficacy endpoints, the overall response rate was 21.7%, and median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival were 3.9 and 21.6 months, respectively. Heavily pretreated and ≥ 3 metastatic organ patients showed lower CBR and PFS than patients with a low number of previous regimens and < 3 metastatic organs. Moreover, CBR did not significantly change in L-pretreated compared with L-naïve patients (31.5% versus 40.5% for L-pretreated versus L-naïve). Grade 3/4 adverse events were reported in 19 patients (16.5%).[Conclusion]: The combination of L–T is an effective and well-tolerated regimen in heavily pretreated patients and remains active among patients progressing on prior L-based therapy. Our study suggests that the L–T regimen is a safe and active chemotherapy-free option for MBC patients previously treated with T and/or L.This work was supported by GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) through a contract with Medica Scientia Innovation Research (MedSIR), an academic research organization focused on independent clinical research development

Targeted expression of the arsenate reductase HAC1 identifies cell type specificity of arsenic metabolism and transport in plant roots

High Arsenic Concentration 1 (HAC1), an Arabidopsis thaliana arsenate reductase, plays a key role in arsenate [As(V)] tolerance. Through conversion of As(V) to arsenite [As(III)], HAC1 enables As(III) export from roots, and restricts translocation of As(V) to shoots. To probe the ability of different root tissues to detoxify As(III) produced by HAC1, we generated A. thaliana lines expressing HAC1 in different cell types. We investigated the As(V) tolerance phenotypes: root growth, As(III) efflux, As translocation, and As chemical speciation. We showed that HAC1 can function in the outer tissues of the root (epidermis, cortex, and endodermis) to confer As(V) tolerance, As(III) efflux, and limit As accumulation in shoots. HAC1 is less effective in the stele at conferring As(V) tolerance phenotypes. The exception is HAC1 activity in the protoxylem, which we found to be sufficient to restrict As translocation, but not to confer As(V) tolerance. In conclusion, we describe cell type-specific functions of HAC1 that spatially separate the control of As(V) tolerance and As translocation. Further, we identify a key function of protoxylem cells in As(V) translocation, consistent with the model where endodermal passage cells, above protoxylem pericycle cells, form a 'funnel' loading nutrients and potentially toxic elements into the vasculature

Population structure of eleven Spanish ovine breeds and detection of selective sweeps with BayeScan and hapFLK

The goals of the current work were to analyse the population structure of 11 Spanish ovine breeds and to detect genomic regions that may have been targeted by selection. A total of 141 individuals were genotyped with the Infinium 50 K Ovine SNP BeadChip (Illumina). We combined this dataset with Spanish ovine data previously reported by the International Sheep Genomics Consortium (N = 229). Multidimensional scaling and Admixture analyses revealed that Canaria de Pelo and, to a lesser extent, Roja Mallorquina, Latxa and Churra are clearly differentiated populations, while the remaining seven breeds (Ojalada, Castellana, Gallega, Xisqueta, Ripollesa, Rasa Aragonesa and Segureña) share a similar genetic background. Performance of a genome scan with BayeScan and hapFLK allowed us identifying three genomic regions that are consistently detected with both methods i.e. Oar3 (150–154 Mb), Oar6 (4–49 Mb) and Oar13 (68–74 Mb). Neighbor-joining trees based on polymorphisms mapping to these three selective sweeps did not show a clustering of breeds according to their predominant productive specialization (except the local tree based on Oar13 SNPs). Such cryptic signatures of selection have been also found in the bovine genome, posing a considerable challenge to understand the biological consequences of artificial selection.Publishe

ACE and CXCL10 as predictive biomarkers in the LEA study

Background: LEA Study (GEICAM/2006-11/GBG51), is a randomized clinical trial comparing bevacizumab in combination with endocrine therapy (ET + B) with endocrine therapy (ET) in postmenopausal women with advanced or metastatic HR-positive/HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) with indication of hormonotherapy as first-line treatment. Patients with secondary hypertension had better progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). We have evaluated the role of two hypertension-related biomarkers, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Small-Inducible Cytokine B10 (CXCL10) as prognostic and/or predictive biomarkers of benefit to bevacizumab in the first line metastatic disease. Methods: From 380 patients, 266 were included in 33 Spanish sites. Median age was 64 years, 63.5% had measurable disease, 97.4% were metastatic at randomization, 51.5% had visceral disease and 52.6% received previous chemotherapy. PFS was 14.3 months (range 0.8-61.1), OS was 34 months (range 0.8-71.6) and 93 patients had Objective Response (OR). We analyzed 124 plasma samples collected before treatment (52 from ET and 72 from ET + B arms). Circulating levels of ACE and CXCL10 were determined by ELISA. ACE levels of 115ng/ml and 135ng/ml were pre-defined as cutoff values. CXCL10 was explored as a quantitative variable. Results: PFS was 15.1 months (range 1.4-61.1), OS was 31.1 months (range 2.8-61.1) and 40.3% had OR. OR was significantly different between treatment arms (p < 0.001) but not PFS or OS. Median ACE concentration was 130.9ng/ml (range 35.3-315.4). Low ACE (<135ng/ml) had better PFS in the whole population (p = 0.048) and in the ET + B arm (p = 0.041). ACE cutoff of 115 ng/ml was not able to identify any subgroup with better prognosis. Median CXCL10 concentration was 230.3pg/ml (range 15.1-4129.6). A higher expression of CXCL10 was significantly associated with worse OS in the whole population (p < 0.0001) and each treatment arm (p = 0.002 and p = 0.001 in ET and ET + B, respectively). No association with OR were identified neither for ACE nor for CXCL10. Conclusions: ACE levels could be considered a prognostic and a bevacizumab predictive biomarker of PFS. CXCL10 could be prognostic of OS. Confirmatory studies are warranted

Tratado de derechos reales. Tomo II Propiedad y posesión

La presente investigación está referida al análisis de los dos principales derechos reales: la posesión y la propiedad, y es la continuación de la investigación concluida denominada Tratado de derechos reales, tomo I, teoría de los bienes y los derechos reales. Esta parte de la investigación corresponde al desarrollo de dos de sus principales instituciones. Así, se comienza con el análisis sociojurídico de la posesión (poder hecho) como derecho transitorio (temporal y momentáneo), para luego entrar al desarrollo de la propiedad (poder de derecho) como derecho definitivo (permanente y total), ambas instituciones reconocidas como situaciones jurídicas de gran trascendencia en las relaciones jurídicas patrimoniales, protegidas por la ley a través de mecanismos de defensa