31 research outputs found
Desequilibri 234Th/238U per a l'estudi del cicle de partÃcules al Mediterrani nord-occidental
El desequilibri 238U/234Th s'utilitza per traçar el cicle de les partÃcules a la part més superficial dels oceans. Això és possible degut a les diferències entre els seus perÃodes de semidesintegració (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 anys) i a les seves caracterÃstiques biogeoquÃmiques: el Th presenta una gran afinitat per les partÃcules mentre que l'U és conservatiu en aigua de mar. En absència de partÃcules s'esperaria tenir equilibri secular entre ambdós radionúclids, però com que l'oceà no està lliure de partÃcules, el 234Th és exportat des de les capes més superficials produint-se un dèficit respecte el seu pare, l'238U. El perÃode de semidesintegració del 234Th és molt adequat per traçar processos d'escales temporals de dies a setmanes, del mateix ordre que el desenvolupament de la floració del fitoplà ncton i a la posterior exportació de partÃcules. En aquest treball es presenten dades obtingudes durant dues campanyes oceanogrà fiques realitzades en el marc del Projecte FAMOSO (2009) en el Mediterrani nordoccidental, abans i després de la floració de fitoplà ncton de primavera a la zona. Una de les peculiaritats d'aquesta regió és el procés de convecció profunda d'hivern, el qual suposa un important mecanisme de fertilització. A partir dels fluxos de 234Th obtinguts a la columna d'aigua es poden establir les pautes temporals que ha seguit el fitoplà ncton en les setmanes prèvies al mostreig. Aquesta informació es compara amb els fluxos obtinguts utilitzant trampes de sediment a la deriva instal·lades durant ambdues campanyes.El desequilibrio 238U/234Th se usa para trazar el ciclo de les partÃculas en la parte más superficial de los océanos. Esto es posible dadas las diferencias entre sus periodos de semidesintegración (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 años) y sus caracterÃsticas biogeoquÃmicas: el Th presenta una gran afinidad por las partÃculas mientras que el U es conservativo en agua de mar. En ausencia de partÃculas, se esperarÃa tener equilibrio secular entre ambos radionúcleos, pero como el océano no está libre de partÃculas, el 234Th es exportado desde las capas más superficiales, produciéndose un déficit respecto a su padre el 238U. El periodo de semidesintegración del 234Th es muy adecuado para trazar procesos de escalas temporales de dÃas a semanas, del mismo orden que el desarrollo de la floración del fitoplancton y a la posterior exportación de partÃculas. En este trabajo se presentan datos obtenidos durante dos campañas oceanográficas realizadas en el marco del Proyecto FAMOSO (2009) en el Mediterráneo nordoccidental, antes y después de la floración de fitoplancton en esta zona. Una de las peculiaridades de esta región es el proceso de convección profunda de invierno, el cual supone un importante mecanismo de fertilización. A partir de los flujos de 234Th obtenidos en la columna de agua, se pueden establecer las pautes temporales que ha seguido el fitoplancton en las semanas previas al muestreo. Esta información se compara con los flujos obtenidos utilizando trampas de sedimento a la deriva instaladas durante las dos campañas.The 238U/234Th disequilibrium is often used as tracer for particle cycling in the upper ocean, taking advantage of the differences between their half-lives (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 y) and their biogeochemical behavior. Th is very particle reactive and U is conservative in seawater. In the absence of Th scavenging and export by particles, secular equilibrium between 238U and 234Th would be expected. However, because the ocean is not particle free, thorium is effectively scavenged onto particle surfaces and removed from the surface ocean, creating a deficiency of 234Th relative to 238U. The half-life of 234Th is very suitable for tracing events occurring over short time scales ranging from days to weeks, of the same order of the development of a phytoplankton bloom and the subsequent derived particle export. Here we present data obtained during two oceanographic cruises within the frame of the FAMOSO Program (2009) in the northwestern Mediterranean, just before and after the spring phytoplankton bloom in the area. One of the special features of this region is the deep convection process that occurs each winter and drives an important fertilization mechanism. The 234Th fluxes obtained from the seawater column profiles provide information on the patterns of phytoplankton dynamics over the previous weeks before sampling. This information is compared to fluxes obtained using drifting sediment traps deployed during the two cruises
Hydroclimate variability during the last 2700 years based on stalagmite multi-proxy records in the central-western Mediterranean
This study presents the first high-resolution speleothem-based hydrological reconstruction for much of the last 2.7 kyr in the central-western Mediterranean. The paleohydrological information comes from a combination of five U-Th dated stalagmites from two Mallorca island caves. Interpretations are based on high-resolution records of d18O, d13C and trace element analyses combined with information from mineralogical X-ray diffraction, fabrics and morphological features, and cave monitoring data. None of the studied stalagmites cover the whole 2.7 kyr period but they provide sufficient overlap to replicate most of the discussed climatic intervals with the exception of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), which is represented by a hiatus. Taking into account the results of five years farmed calcite collected in glass plates and cave environmental parameters, we argue that main patterns in the stalagmite geochemical records are mostly controlled by changing rates of prior calcite precipitation (PCP) that respond to hydrological changes in the region. We apply a principal component analysis to the stalagmite geochemical data set and a composite d18O record to obtain a robust regional hydrological record. This record supports wet conditions for the early Roman Period (RP), the first half of the Early Middle Ages (EMA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA), and drier conditions for the late RP, the late EMA and the entire MCA. These results are discussed in the context of other climatic and oceanographic records from the region including paleo North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) records. This ocean-atmosphere approach suggests complex non-stationary climate patterns for the last 2.7 kyr, including the occurrence of both wetwarm and wet-cold intervals and underlying the complex interaction of factors controlling climate evolution in the region. Overall, positive (negative) NAO phases appear coincident with drier (wetter) conditions for all the examined period at decadal time-scale
Deep-water formation variability in the north-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2500yr: A proxy validation with present-day data
Here we investigate the sensitivity of deep-water formation in the north-western Mediterranean Sea to climate variability during the last 2500 yr. With this purpose, the grain-size parameter UP10 (fraction > 10 μm) is used as a proxy for intensity of deep-water circulation. Such a proxy is first validated through the analysis of oceanographic data collected from October 2012 to October 2014 by means of two deep-water mooring lines equipped with sediment traps and currentmeters in the Gulf of Lion and north of Minorca Island. Enhancements of deep current speed resulted from dense shelf water cascading and open-sea deep convection in February 2013 leading to dense-water formation. The grain-size distribution of settling particles from sediment traps collected during 2012-2013 shows a distinctive particle mode and high UP10 values correlated to deep-water formation. These data are consistent with grain-size values in sediment cores from the north of Minorca, thus supporting the validity of the UP10 parameter to reconstruct changes of intensity in deep-water formation and associated near-bottom currents. The deep-water sediment record of the north of Minorca for the last 2.5 kyr shows that the strongest deep-water formation events occurred during relatively warm intervals, such as the Roman Period (123 BCE-470 CE2), the end of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (900-1275 CE) and the first part of the Little Ice Age (1275-1850 CE). By contrast, our data indicate a progressive reduction in the overturning conditions during the Early Middle Ages (470-900 CE) resulting in weaker deep-water formation events during most of the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Intense deep-water formation events appear to be mostly associated with periods of enhanced Evaporation-Precipitation balance rather than to buoyancy loss due to winter cooling only. Our results suggest that warm sea surface temperature during spring months could have played an important role by increasing the Evaporation-Precipitation balance and favouring buoyany loss by increased of salinity. The comparison our data with other oceanographic and climatic records indicates a change in the proxy relation before and after the Early Middle Ages. Western Mediterranean Deep Water and Levantine Intermediate Water behave in opposite way after the Early Middle Ages, thus indicating that the previously proposed Mediterranean see-saw pattern in the Evaporation-Precipitation balance also influenced convection patterns in the basins during the last 1500 yr. These changes are discussed in the frame of different configurations of the North Atlantic Oscillation and East Atlantic/ West Russian modes of atmospheric variation
Sea surface temperature variability in the central-western Mediterranean Sea during the last 2700 years: a multi-proxy and multi-record approach
This study presents the reconstructed evolution of sea surface conditions in the central-western Mediterranean Sea during the late Holocene (2700 years) from a set of multi-proxy records as measured on five short sediment cores from two sites north of Minorca (cores MINMC06 and HERMC- MR3). Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) from alkenones and Globigerina bulloides Mg= Ca ratios are combined with 18O measurements in order to reconstruct changes in the regional evaporation-precipitation (E-P) balance. We also revisit the G. bulloides Mg= Ca-SST calibration and readjusted it based on a set of core-top measurements from the western Mediterranean Sea. Modern regional oceanographic data indicate that Globigerina bulloides Mg= Ca is mainly controlled by seasonal spring SST conditions, related to the April-May primary productivity bloom in the region. In contrast, the alkenone-SST signal represents an integration of the annual signal. The construction of a robust chronological framework in the region allows for the synchronization of the different core sites and the construction of 'stacked' proxy records in order to identify the most significant climatic variability patterns. The warmest sustained period occurred during the Roman Period (RP), which was immediately followed by a general cooling trend interrupted by several centennial-scale oscillations. We propose that this general cooling trend could be controlled by changes in the annual mean insolation. Even though some particularly warm SST intervals took place during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the Little Ice Age (LIA) was markedly unstable, with some very cold SST events mostly during its second half. Finally, proxy records for the last centuries suggest that relatively low E-P ratios and cold SSTs dominated during negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phases, although SSTs seem to present a positive connection with the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) index
Desequilibri 234Th/238U per a l'estudi del cicle de partÃcules al Mediterrani nord-occidental
El desequilibri 238U/234Th s’utilitza per traçar el cicle de les partÃcules a la part més superficial dels oceans. Això és possible degut a les diferències entre els seus perÃodes de semidesintegració (T1/2
(234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 anys) i a les seves caracterÃstiques biogeoquÃmiques: el Th presenta una gran afinitat per les partÃcules mentre que l’U és conservatiu en aigua de mar. En absència de partÃcules s’esperaria tenir equilibri secular entre ambdós radionúclids, però com que l’oceà no està lliure de partÃcules, el 234Th és exportat des de les capes més superficials produint-se un dèficit respecte el seu pare, l’238U. El perÃode de semidesintegració del 234Th és molt adequat
per traçar processos d’escales temporals de dies a setmanes, del mateix ordre que el desenvolupament de la floració del fitoplà ncton i a la posterior exportació de partÃcules. En aquest treball es presenten
dades obtingudes durant dues campanyes oceanogrà fiques realitzades en el marc del Projecte FAMOSO (2009) en el Mediterrani nordoccidental, abans i després de la floració de fitoplà ncton de primavera a la zona. Una de les peculiaritats d’aquesta regió és el procés de convecció profunda d’hivern, el qual suposa un important mecanisme de fertilització. A partir dels fluxos de 234Th obtinguts a la columna d’aigua es poden establir les pautes temporals que ha seguit el fitoplà ncton en les setmanes prèvies al mostreig. Aquesta informació es compara amb els fluxos obtinguts utilitzant trampes de sediment a la
deriva instal·lades durant ambdues campanyes.El desequilibrio 238U/234Th se usa para trazar el ciclo de les partÃculas en la parte más superficial de los océanos. Esto es posible dadas las diferencias entre sus periodos de semidesintegración (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 años) y sus caracterÃsticas biogeoquÃmicas: el Th presenta una gran afinidad por las partÃculas mientras que el U es conservativo en agua de mar. En ausencia de partÃculas, se esperarÃa tener equilibrio secular entre ambos radionúcleos, pero como el océano no está libre de partÃculas, el 234Th es
exportado desde las capas más superficiales, produciéndose un déficit respecto a su padre el 238U. El periodo de semidesintegración del 234Th es muy adecuado para trazar procesos de escalas temporales de dÃas a semanas, del mismo orden que el desarrollo de la floración del fitoplancton y a la posterior exportación de partÃculas. En este trabajo se presentan datos obtenidos durante dos campañas oceanográficas realizadas en el marco del Proyecto FAMOSO (2009) en el Mediterráneo nordoccidental, antes y después
de la floración de fitoplancton en esta zona. Una de las peculiaridades de esta región es el proceso de convección profunda de invierno, el cual supone un importante mecanismo de fertilización. A partir de los
flujos de 234Th obtenidos en la columna de agua, se pueden establecer las pautes temporales que ha seguido el fitoplancton en las semanas previas al muestreo. Esta información se compara con los flujos obtenidos utilizando trampas de sedimento a la deriva instaladas durante las dos campañas.The 238U/234Th disequilibrium is often used as tracer for particle cycling in the upper ocean, taking advantage of the differences between their half-lives (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 y) and their biogeochemical behavior. Th is very particle reactive and U is conservative in seawater. In the absence of Th scavenging and export by particles, secular equilibrium between 238U and 234Th would be expected. However, because the ocean is not particle free, thorium is effectively scavenged onto particle surfaces and removed from the
surface ocean, creating a deficiency of 234Th relative to 238U. The half-life of 234Th is very suitable for tracing events occurring over short time scales ranging from days to weeks, of the same order of the development of a phytoplankton bloom and the subsequent derived particle export. Here we present data obtained during two oceanographic cruises within the frame of the FAMOSO Program (2009) in the northwestern Mediterranean, just before and after the spring phytoplankton bloom in the area. One of the special features of this region is the deep convection process that occurs each winter and drives an important fertilization mechanism. The 234Th fluxes obtained from the seawater column profiles provide information on the patterns of phytoplankton dynamics over the previous weeks before sampling. This information is compared to fluxes obtained using drifting sediment traps deployed during the two cruises
Reconstrucció climà tica dels darrers 2.700 anys a la Mediterrà nia occidental: sediments marins i estalagmites
[cat] Donada l’alta sensibilitat de la regió central de la Mediterrà nia occidental a la variabilitat climà tica, s’han reconstruït les condicions de la mar superficials i profundes aixà com de les atmosfèriques pels darrers 2.700 anys. Les condicions marines han estat reconstruïdes a partir de multi-testimonis de sediment del nord de Menorca i les condicions atmosfèriques (hidroclimà tiques) en base a cinc registres d’espeleotemes de dues coves de Mallorca. La integració de la informació derivada d’aquests dos tipus d’arxius ha permès un millor enteniment de la interacció entre la mar superficial i profunda i l’atmosfera. Els principals perÃodes climà tics/històrics caracteritzats són: PerÃode Talaiòtic (TP; fins el 123 BCE), PerÃode Romà (RP; 123 BCE-470 CE(1)), Alta Edat Mitjana (EMA; 470 a 900 CE), Anomalia Climà tica Medieval (MCA; 900 a 1275 CE) i Petita Edat de Gel (LIA; 1275 a 1850 CE). Les Temperatures de la Mar Superficial (SST) s’han obtingut a partir de la rà tio Mg/Ca analitzada al foraminÃfer planctònic Globigerina bulloides (Cisneros et al., 2016), re- ajustant el calibratge de les SST per a la Mediterrà nia Occidental. La intensitat dels corrents fondos s’ha reconstruït a partir d’anà lisis de la mida de gra (parà metre UP10, fracció >10 µm; Cisneros et al., 2019). Aquest parà metre UP10 ha estat revalidat amb dades oceanogrà fiques mostrejades durant els anys 2012-2014 mitjançant dos ancoratges instrumentats d’aigües profundes. La variabilitat hidroclimà tica ha estat reconstruïda emprant una metodologia que integra varis indicadors (anà lisi geoquÃmics i texturals) a les estalagmites. El perÃode cà lid més sostingut va tenir lloc durant el RP, el qual és seguit per una tendència de refredament interrompuda per và ries oscil·lacions a escala de centennis. Tot i que alguns perÃodes amb SST particularment cà lides van tenir lloc durant la MCA, la LIA va estar marcadament inestable, amb alguns esdeveniments molt freds sobretot durant la segona meitat del perÃode. Els esdeveniments més forts de formació d’aigua fonda van ocórrer durant intervals relativament cà lids, com el RP, el final de la MCA i la primera part de la LIA. Per contra, les dades indiquen una reducció progressiva de la convecció durant l’EMA, resultant en esdeveniments durant la major part de la MCA. Els registres obtinguts de les estalagmites ha permès elaborar la primera reconstrucció regional de la variabilitat hidroclimà tica pels darrers 2.700 anys. Els registres indiquen condicions generalment humides per l’inici del RP, la primera meitat de l’EMA i per tota la LIA, en contrast amb les condicions més seques enregistrades pel RP tardà (anys 200-470 CE), la segona part de l’EMA (anys 700-900 CE) i tota la MCA. Dins de la LIA, al voltant de l’any 1622 CE, la existència d’un nivell detrÃtic, enriquit en Ti a l’estalagmita Seán ha estat interpretat com un marcador d’inundacions associat a un esdeveniment extrem de pluja. La combinació integrada dels resultats derivats dels sediments marins i de les estalagmites suggereix condicions climà tiques no-estacionà ries durant cadascun dels perÃodes estudiats dels últims 2.700 anys. Particularment durant el final del RP i la primera meitat de l’EMA, aquesta tesi suggereix una variabilitat climà tica més complexa i/o de més alta freqüència. L’EMA sembla haver estat caracteritzat com un perÃode transició i, haver estat previ a una re-configuració atmosfèrica de diferents modes climà tics com el patró East Atlantic/West Russian i l’Oscil·lació de l’Atlà ntic Nord. (1) BCE: anys abans de l’era comú/CE: anys de l’era comú[eng] Surface-deep ocean and atmospheric reconstructions for the last 2.7 kyr have been performed taking the advantage of the high sensitivity of the central-western Mediterranean region. Ocean conditions have been reconstructed from sediment multicores recovered in the North Minorca and atmospheric conditions (hydroclimate) from five speleothem records of two Mallorca caves. The integration of this information has allowed a better understanding about the interaction between the surface-deep-sea and the atmosphere. The main climate/historical periods characterized are: Talaiotic Period (until 123BCE(1)), Roman Period (RP; 123BCE-470CE), Early Middle Ages (EMA; 470-900CE), Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA; 900-1275CE) and Little Ice Age (LIA; 1275-1850CE). Sea-surface temperatures are derived from Mg/Ca-ratios analysed on planktonic foraminifera Globigerina bulloides (Cisneros et al., 2016) and deep-current intensity- changes from grain-size analysis (UP10-fraction; Cisneros et al., 2019). Hydroclimate variability has been reconstructed applying a multi-proxy approach (geochemical and textural analyses) on the stalagmites. The warmest sustained period occurred during the RP, followed by a general cooling trend interrupted by several centennial-scale oscillations. Although warm intervals took place during the MCA, the LIA was markedly unstable, with some very cold events mostly during its second half. The strongest deep-water formation events occurred during relatively warm intervals, such as the RP, the end of the MCA and the first part of the LIA. By contrast, our data indicate a progressive reduction in the overturning conditions during the EMA resulting in weaker deep-water formation events during most of the MCA. General wet conditions have been obtained for the early RP, the first half of the EMA and the entire LIA while drier conditions have characterized the late RP, the late EMA and the entire MCA. The combination of the results derived from marine sediments and stalagmites suggests non-stationary climate conditions during each period of the last 2.7 kyr. Particularly during the late RP and the first half of the EMA, more complex climate variability and/or with higher frequency seems to have occurred. The EMA seems to have been characterized like a transition period, previous to an atmospheric reconfiguration of different climate modes such as the East Atlantic/West Russian and NAO. (1) BCE: Before Common Era years/CE: Common Era year
Desequilibri 234Th/238U per a l'estudi del cicle de partÃcules al Mediterrani nord-occidental
El desequilibri 238U/234Th s'utilitza per traçar el cicle de les partÃcules a la part més superficial dels oceans. Això és possible degut a les diferències entre els seus perÃodes de semidesintegració (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 anys) i a les seves caracterÃstiques biogeoquÃmiques: el Th presenta una gran afinitat per les partÃcules mentre que l'U és conservatiu en aigua de mar. En absència de partÃcules s'esperaria tenir equilibri secular entre ambdós radionúclids, però com que l'oceà no està lliure de partÃcules, el 234Th és exportat des de les capes més superficials produint-se un dèficit respecte el seu pare, l'238U. El perÃode de semidesintegració del 234Th és molt adequat per traçar processos d'escales temporals de dies a setmanes, del mateix ordre que el desenvolupament de la floració del fitoplà ncton i a la posterior exportació de partÃcules. En aquest treball es presenten dades obtingudes durant dues campanyes oceanogrà fiques realitzades en el marc del Projecte FAMOSO (2009) en el Mediterrani nordoccidental, abans i després de la floració de fitoplà ncton de primavera a la zona. Una de les peculiaritats d'aquesta regió és el procés de convecció profunda d'hivern, el qual suposa un important mecanisme de fertilització. A partir dels fluxos de 234Th obtinguts a la columna d'aigua es poden establir les pautes temporals que ha seguit el fitoplà ncton en les setmanes prèvies al mostreig. Aquesta informació es compara amb els fluxos obtinguts utilitzant trampes de sediment a la deriva instal·lades durant ambdues campanyes.El desequilibrio 238U/234Th se usa para trazar el ciclo de les partÃculas en la parte más superficial de los océanos. Esto es posible dadas las diferencias entre sus periodos de semidesintegración (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 años) y sus caracterÃsticas biogeoquÃmicas: el Th presenta una gran afinidad por las partÃculas mientras que el U es conservativo en agua de mar. En ausencia de partÃculas, se esperarÃa tener equilibrio secular entre ambos radionúcleos, pero como el océano no está libre de partÃculas, el 234Th es exportado desde las capas más superficiales, produciéndose un déficit respecto a su padre el 238U. El periodo de semidesintegración del 234Th es muy adecuado para trazar procesos de escalas temporales de dÃas a semanas, del mismo orden que el desarrollo de la floración del fitoplancton y a la posterior exportación de partÃculas. En este trabajo se presentan datos obtenidos durante dos campañas oceanográficas realizadas en el marco del Proyecto FAMOSO (2009) en el Mediterráneo nordoccidental, antes y después de la floración de fitoplancton en esta zona. Una de las peculiaridades de esta región es el proceso de convección profunda de invierno, el cual supone un importante mecanismo de fertilización. A partir de los flujos de 234Th obtenidos en la columna de agua, se pueden establecer las pautes temporales que ha seguido el fitoplancton en las semanas previas al muestreo. Esta información se compara con los flujos obtenidos utilizando trampas de sedimento a la deriva instaladas durante las dos campañas.The 238U/234Th disequilibrium is often used as tracer for particle cycling in the upper ocean, taking advantage of the differences between their half-lives (T1/2 (234Th)=24,1 d; T1/2 (238U)=4,5 10 9 y) and their biogeochemical behavior. Th is very particle reactive and U is conservative in seawater. In the absence of Th scavenging and export by particles, secular equilibrium between 238U and 234Th would be expected. However, because the ocean is not particle free, thorium is effectively scavenged onto particle surfaces and removed from the surface ocean, creating a deficiency of 234Th relative to 238U. The half-life of 234Th is very suitable for tracing events occurring over short time scales ranging from days to weeks, of the same order of the development of a phytoplankton bloom and the subsequent derived particle export. Here we present data obtained during two oceanographic cruises within the frame of the FAMOSO Program (2009) in the northwestern Mediterranean, just before and after the spring phytoplankton bloom in the area. One of the special features of this region is the deep convection process that occurs each winter and drives an important fertilization mechanism. The 234Th fluxes obtained from the seawater column profiles provide information on the patterns of phytoplankton dynamics over the previous weeks before sampling. This information is compared to fluxes obtained using drifting sediment traps deployed during the two cruises
Climatic variability over the last 3000 years in the central - western Mediterranean Sea (Menorca Basin) detected by planktonic foraminifera and stable isotope records
The climate evolution of the last 2700 years in the central - western Mediterranean Sea has been reconstructed from marine sediment records by integrating planktonic foraminifera and geochemical signals. The results provide the characterization of six climatic phases: Balearic Bronze Age (BA), Roman Period (RP), Dark Age (DA), Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Little Ice Age (LIA) and Industrial Period (IP). Paleoclimatic curve inferred from planktonic foraminifera associated with heavy values in δ18O Globigerinoides ruber during the BA document two cold intervals (spanning ca. 200 years) related to the Homeric and Greek solar minima. The dominance of Turborotalita quinqueloba –Globigerinita glutinata gr. and Globigerina bulloides during the RP suggest high fertility surface waters condition probably triggered by the increase in precipitation. During the DA, changes in the foraminiferal paleoclimate curve and oxygen isotope values display a cold –dry phase from 700 CE to the end of the DA (ca. 850 CE). This phase corresponds to the cold Roman IV solar minimum and marks the beginning of a long - term cooling interval that terminates during the LIA. The MCA is characterized by mild climatic conditions, interrupted at ca. 1050 CE by a cold - dry event. The gradually increase in abundance of G. ruber white characterize the IP warm period.
The reconstructed climate evolution in the Balearic Basin results almost time - equivalent with the Mediterranean climate variability over the last 2700 years
Climatic variability over the last 3000 years in the central - western Mediterranean Sea (Menorca Basin) detected by planktonic foraminifera and stable isotope records
The climate evolution of the last 2700 years in the central - western Mediterranean Sea has been reconstructed from marine sediment records by integrating planktonic foraminifera and geochemical signals. The results provide the characterization of six climatic phases: Balearic Bronze Age (BA), Roman Period (RP), Dark Age (DA), Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), Little Ice Age (LIA) and Industrial Period (IP). Paleoclimatic curve inferred from planktonic foraminifera associated with heavy values in δ18O Globigerinoides ruber during the BA document two cold intervals (spanning ca. 200 years) related to the Homeric and Greek solar minima. The dominance of Turborotalita quinqueloba –Globigerinita glutinata gr. and Globigerina bulloides during the RP suggest high fertility surface waters condition probably triggered by the increase in precipitation. During the DA, changes in the foraminiferal paleoclimate curve and oxygen isotope values display a cold –dry phase from 700 CE to the end of the DA (ca. 850 CE). This phase corresponds to the cold Roman IV solar minimum and marks the beginning of a long - term cooling interval that terminates during the LIA. The MCA is characterized by mild climatic conditions, interrupted at ca. 1050 CE by a cold - dry event. The gradually increase in abundance of G. ruber white characterize the IP warm period.
The reconstructed climate evolution in the Balearic Basin results almost time - equivalent with the Mediterranean climate variability over the last 2700 years
MAGY project: MAllorca hydroloGY over the last few centuries. Instrumental validation of speleothem archives
Geochemical analyses of speleothems and cave monitoring offer a complete framework for cave systems concerning hydrological changes and climate variability at very different timescales. In this regard, one critical target becomes the period when paleoclimatic records overlap with the directly measured instrumental records of climate. In order to improve the interpretation of speleothems as paleoclimatic records and therefore elucidate past climate changes in the western Mediterranean region, the MAGY project intent is the comparison of a new collection of speleothem records from Mallorca Island, which spans the last centuries, with precipitation and temperature data acquired in the weathering station from the Mallorca airport. This information is particularly critical on this island which is likely to face high hydrological stress under the current conditions of climate change. The implementation of this study requires high-resolution trace element profiles obtained by LA-ICP-MS to detect even seasonality variability in the speleothems and parallel well-resolved age models. The combination of U/Th dating, the 14C technique, and the confocal laser scanning microscopy technique, which allows annual layer counting, will provide solid chronologies. Preliminary results show that the Mg/Ca signal corresponds with the precipitation patterns recorded by regional instrumental records