Prehispanic household and empire at Lukurmata, Bolivia. (Volumes I and II).

Between the 9th and 12th centuries AD, the Tiwanaku state dominated the south-central Andean highlands. This research examines the Tiwanaku polity from the perspective of the provincial site of Lukurmata, Bolivia. Incorporation into the Tiwanaku state was only a stage in Lukurmata's long history and this study focuses on how incorporation affected the residents of Lukurmata. A sequence of superimposed housefloors spanning the years 200 BC to AD 1500 provide a view of the evolution of domestic architecture, household activities, and interaction with other sites before, during and after inclusion in the Tiwanaku sphere. The data pertaining to household life are supplemented by investigation of outdoor activity areas, agricultural features, burials, and ceremonial contexts at the site. After outlining Lukurmata's initial settlement, this study assesses, period by period, the type and degree of Lukurmata's interaction with Tiwanaku, as well as changes and continuity in household patterns. Lukurmata grew from an independent hamlet to a Tiwanaku administrative center, yet even when most closely tied to Tiwanaku politically and economically, many local traditions at the household level were maintained. There was little change over time in the variety of domestic activities, although there were significant shifts in the ways these activities were organized. Despite the strong continuity seen in certain aspects of household life, there were also important changes in domestic organization, some linked to Lukurmata's evolving role in the Tiwanaku state. Among these were the addition of new household activities, and increased differentiation between individual households. After new 12th century AD collapse of the Tiwanaku state, household organization at Lukurmata reverted to a pre-Tiwanaku pattern. That changes at the household level did not always coincide with changes in the composition of the settlement as a whole, or in Lukurmata's relationship with the Tiwanaku state, demonstrates the potential for new insights into prehispanic sociopolitical process provided by household archaeology.Ph.D.ArchaeologyLatin American historySocial SciencesUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/128553/2/9034384.pd

The social construction of European solidarity : Germany and France in the EU policy towards the states of Africa, the Caribbean, and the Pacific (ACP) and Central and Eastern Europe (CEE)

Published online: 22 July 2011This article compares the foreign policies of France and Germany in the 1990s towards the European Union (EU)'s special relationships with the countries of Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific (ACP) on the one hand and the Central and Eastern European countries (CEEC) on the other. Whereas France advocated support for ACP interests, Germany supported those of the CEEC. We argue that French and German prioritisations cannot sufficiently be explained by rationalist, interest-based approaches (i.e. neorealism, economic liberalism and institutionalism) and offer a constructivist supplement to fill in the gaps. This approach is based on the concept of solidarity. First, we develop our theoretical concept and identify three principles of solidarity action (i.e. ties, need and effort). We then apply our concept of solidarity to show how French and German policies towards the Cotonou Agreement, concluded in 2000 with the ACP, and the EU's Eastern enlargement process were shaped by different social constructions of solidarity, resulting in strong preferential support for either the ACP (France) or the CEEC (Germany)