Health-Promoting Lifestyles of English-Speaking and Spanish-Speaking Mexican-American Migrant Farm Workers

This study was conducted with 62 Mexican-American migrant farm workers at four different sites in northern Illinois. An established English and a newly developed pilot Spanish version of the health-promoting lifestyle profile was used. The concept of health-promoting lifestyle appeared to be culturally relevant to study participants. English-speaking migrant workers scored significantly lower than Spanish-speaking workers on the dimensions of self-actualization, exercise, and stress management. Patterns of scores among both groups were highest in self-actualization and interpersonal support, and lowest in health responsibility and exercise. Further research in health-promoting behaviors with all cultural groups and socioeconomic levels of society will contribute to achievement of the World Health Organization's goal, health for all by the year 2000.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75750/1/j.1525-1446.1990.tb00616.x.pd

Empirical Legal Studies Before 1940: A Bibliographic Essay

The modern empirical legal studies movement has well-known antecedents in the law and society and law and economics traditions of the latter half of the 20th century. Less well known is the body of empirical research on legal phenomena from the period prior to World War II. This paper is an extensive bibliographic essay that surveys the English language empirical legal research from approximately 1940 and earlier. The essay is arranged around the themes in the research: criminal justice, civil justice (general studies of civil litigation, auto accident litigation and compensation, divorce, small claims, jurisdiction and procedure, civil juries), debt and bankruptcy, banking, appellate courts, legal needs, legal profession (including legal education), and judicial staffing and selection. Accompanying the essay is an extensive bibliography of research articles, books, and reports

Propensity of HIV Patients to Seek Urgent and Emergent Care

OBJECTIVE: To assess the propensity of HIV-infected adults to seek care for common symptoms, and to determine whether they would seek care in the emergency department (ED) or with their primary care provider. DESIGN: Cross-sectional interview study. SETTING: Patients in care in the 48 contiguous United States. PARTICIPANTS: A nationally representative group of HIV- infected adults selected using multistage probability sampling. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were interviewed between January 1996 and April 1997. Patients with advanced disease (past AIDS diagnosis and/or CD4 cell count <200/μL) and early disease were asked how they would seek care for key HIV-associated symptom complexes. Three advanced disease and 3 early disease symptom scenarios were used. MAIN RESULTS: Most advanced disease patients (78% to 87%) would seek care right away from the ED or primary care provider for the symptoms asked. Most early disease patients (82%) would seek care right away for new respiratory symptoms; fewer would do so for headache (46%) or oral white patches (62%). In a multivariate model, independent predictors of propensity to use the ED for advanced disease symptoms included African-American ethnicity (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.8 to 3.4); less education (adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7); drug dependence (adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7); annual income less than $5,000 (adjusted OR, 1.5; 95$5,000 (adjusted OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.0), and lower psychological well-being (adjusted OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Many patients would use the ED instead of same-day primary care for several common symptoms of HIV disease. African Americans, the poor, and patients with psychological symptoms had a higher propensity to use the ED