Impact of a hormone‐releasing intrauterine system on the vaginal microbiome: a prospective baboon model

Background Use of a levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system ( LNG ‐ IUS ) in humans may alter vaginal microbial populations and susceptibility to pathogens. This study evaluated the time‐dependent effects of an LNG ‐ IUS on the vaginal microbiome of the baboon, a useful animal model for reproductive studies. Methods Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine systems were inserted into three reproductively mature, female baboons. The animals were evaluated for 6 months by physical examination and G ram‐stained cytology. The vaginal microbiota was characterized at each timepoint by culture‐independent analysis of the 16 S rRNA ‐encoding gene. Results Each baboon harbored a diverse vaginal microbiome. Interindividual variation exceeded intra‐individual variation. Diversity declined over time in one baboon and showed mild fluctuations in the other two. There were no significant community differences from early to late post‐ LNG ‐ IUS placement. Conclusions The baboon vaginal microbiome is unique to each individual and is polymicrobial. In this pilot study, the vaginal microbiome remained stable from early to late post‐ LNG ‐ IUS placement.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/106666/1/jmp12090.pd