Hurwitz Equivalence in Dihedral Groups

In this paper we determine the orbits of the braid group B[subscript n] action on G[superscript n] when G is a dihedral group and for any T ∈ G[superscript n]. We prove that the following invariants serve as necessary and sufficient conditions for Hurwitz equivalence. They are: the product of its entries, the subgroup generated by its entries, and the number of times each conjugacy class (in the subgroup generated by its entries) is represented in T

Comparison of Red and White LED Light Bulbs and Their Effects on Laying Hen Performance, Stress, and Behavior

Lighting is a vital aspect of every commercial poultry operation. Since chickens are a photorefractory species, an inadequate lighting program could be detrimental to their growth and productivity. Few studies have looked at the effects of lighting on laying hens, but it has been shown that red light can potentially stimulate egg production. The company Once Innovations has produced a red LED light bulb marketed to poultry producers. However, this new light bulb costs $23 to Overdrive’s$10 white LED. The effects of the two different light bulbs on bird performance, stress, and behavior were compared to determine which type is more beneficial to the birds and more cost-effective for poultry producers. Three replicates were run for a total of six treatments, with 36 birds per treatment. Initially there were no differences between the two treatments. At the end of the study, after exposing the birds to the two separate treatments, no difference (P 0.05). All data was analyzed using PROC GLM and significant differences were considered at P < 0.05. Results indicated that birds housed under red light were less stressed and more productive; therefore, red lighting may be a beneficial means to increase production while also decreasing stress in the birds. However, more research is needed to determine the effects of red lighting through the second half of the lay cycle

Teachers’ Experiences in Responding to Students’ Exposure to Domestic Violence

Exposure to domestic violence in childhood can have long-term negative impacts on the social and emotional functioning and educational outcomes of children and adolescents. This study is the first known Australian research to examine teachers’ experiences of supporting students exposed to domestic violence. Interviews with eleven primary and secondary school teachers revealed the substantial impact of students’ domestic violence exposure on teachers, the need for support from other school staff, and the benefits of targeted professional development. Results suggest that there is a need for teacher training in relation to supporting students with exposure to domestic violence, better recognition of the impacts of students’ exposure to domestic violence on teachers, changes to the way information is communicated with teachers, and improved protocols and policies to support teachers. Outcomes of this study can be used to inform future training and supports for teachers

HapTree-X: An Integrative Bayesian Framework for Haplotype Reconstruction from Transcriptome and Genome Sequencing Data

By running standard genotype calling tools, it is possible to accurately identify the number of wild type and mutant alleles for each single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site. However, in the case of two heterozygous SNP sites, genotype calling tools cannot determine whether mutant alleles from different SNP loci are on the same chromosome or on different homologous chromosomes (i.e. compound heterozygote)

United States Reexamination Procedures: Recent Trends, Strategies and Impact on Patent Practice, 8 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 381 (2009)

Reexamination is playing a significant role in the patent landscape. The United States Patent and Trademark Office is reexamining and invalidating more patent claims than ever before. Potential infringers, aware of this trend, can benefit from reexamination proceedings initiated before, during, and after litigation. Moreover, a prevalent reexamination system benefits both the public and industry. Efficient reexamination enables parties to challenge overly broad patents at a reasonable cost which reduces transaction costs, promoting innovation. Patent holders have responded by crafting narrow claims which fair well before the patent office and in court. The current reexamination trend, if continued, will have a strong and positive effect on innovation in the United States

Alone in a Crowd of Sheep: Asymmetric Perceptions of Conformity and Their Roots in an Introspection Illusion

The results of 5 studies showed that people see others as more conforming than themselves. This asymmetry was found to occur in domains ranging from consumer purchases to political views. Participants claimed to be less susceptible than their average peers to broad descriptions of social influences, and they also claimed to be less susceptible than specific peers to specific instances of conformity. These studies further demonstrated that this asymmetry is not simply the result of social desirability, but it is also rooted in people\u27s attention to introspective versus behavioral information when making conformity assessments. The participants displayed an introspection illusion, placing more weight on introspective evidence of conformity (relative to behavioral evidence) when judging their own susceptibility to social influence as opposed to someone else\u27s. Implications for self–other asymmetries, implicit social influence, and interpersonal conflict are discussed

Comparison of Red and White LED Light Bulbs and Their Effects on Laying Hen Performance, Stress, and Behavior

Lighting is a vital aspect of every commercial poultry operation. Since chickens are a photorefractory species, an inadequate lighting program could be detrimental to their growth and productivity. Few studies have looked at the effects of lighting on laying hens, but it has been shown that red light can potentially stimulate egg production. The company Once Innovations has produced a red LED light bulb marketed to poultry producers. However, this new light bulb costs $23 to Overdrive’s$10 white LED. The effects of the two different light bulbs on bird performance, stress, and behavior were compared to determine which type is more beneficial to the birds and more cost-effective for poultry producers. Three replicates were run for a total of six treatments, with 36 birds per treatment. Initially there were no differences between the two treatments. At the end of the study, after exposing the birds to the two separate treatments, no difference (P 0.05). All data was analyzed using PROC GLM and significant differences were considered at P < 0.05. Results indicated that birds housed under red light were less stressed and more productive; therefore, red lighting may be a beneficial means to increase production while also decreasing stress in the birds. However, more research is needed to determine the effects of red lighting through the second half of the lay cycle