Females Perspective in Overcoming Professional Obstacles

Evidence suggests that significantly lower numbers of females possess head athletic training positions in the field of athletic training (Martin, 2013). While research has demonstrated that females are still facing a great amount of deterrents in hopes to hold head leadership positions, there has been a lack of direction for those females that aspire to hold head positions in athletic training (Momsen, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to look at the history of females as well as their current status in athletic training and she light on the uphill battle that they have overcame and are still working on overcoming. This research sought to compile information and gather insight from females that have been successful with their achievements of holding a head athletic training position. Specifically, this lit review will give insight to the history of women in athletic training, their current status, the glass ceiling effect, gender biases and issues of work-life balance that practicing female athletic trainers face

Analysis of 2D/3D Urban Density Indices in Context of Land Surface Temperature

Cities worldwide cover only 2 % of earth`s surface but spend almost 75 % of the world`s energy resources (Gago et al. 2013). The emission of heat and the structure of built-up areas can increase the phenomenon of urban heat islands (UHI), which highly infects the well-being of all inhabitants. Future work will focus on monitoring capabilities to manage the development of urban settlements. The study investigates the relationship between urban density indices and land surface temperature (LST) using multi-sensor remote sensing data. All processing steps are performed for the City of Cologne, Germany. The input data are consisting of high resolution multi-spectral Ikonos imagery, as well as an object height model, derived from Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) data and thermal information, provided by the Landsat 7 satellite mission. The first working step, the derivation of six land cover (LC) classes, is based on a geographic object based image analysis (GEOBIA) approach. Therefore, LiDAR and pan-sharped Ikonos data with a spatial resolution of one meter are used. In a second step, and based on the extracted LC and object height information, existing and new measures of urban density are computed, that take into account the horizontal and/or vertical characteristics of a city. All measures are separated into single object related and area related indices, depending on the basis of calculation. The significance of different Areas of Interests (AOI) are analyzed and compared for area related indices. Finally, the correlation between multi-temporal LST data, derived from Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+), and each indicator is calculated with regard to their dependency on the predominant type of urban land use (LU) and the acquisition date (season) of the Landsat ETM+ data

Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis

International audienceAmong the family of Ion Beam Analysis techniques for material characterization, Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) exploits the spectroscopy of recoil nuclei moving under the impact of the ions of the beam. This technique is well suited to light elements profiling, especially for hydrogen measurements which can be performed with usual helium-4 beams available in most facilities. This chapter presents an overview of ERDA main features and focuses on a selection of recent papers dealing with hydrogen measurements in materials for miscellaneous applications, divided into four sections: metals, ceramics, minerals, and thin films

Blockade of endothelial Notch signaling in cellular systems and adult mice

Angiogenesis is a fundamental process during embryogenesis, inflammation and wound healing. The formation of new vessels is coordinated by proteins of the VEGF and the Notch signaling cascades. Dysfunction of the precisely balanced crosstalk between Notch and VEGF signaling entails the formation of a non-functional vascular network. These imbalances play a critical role during progression of many diseases including atherosclerosis and tumor growth. Blocking of Notch signaling, by small molecule inhibitors or DLL4-specific antibodies, perturbs tumor perfusion and inhibits tumor growth in animal models. This study aimed to gain deeper insight into the complex function of Notch signaling in the endothelium. For this purpose, small soluble Notch ligand and receptor peptides were generated, which consist of the respective interaction domains only. Furthermore, the effects of deleting endothelial Notch signaling in adult mice were investigated. Application of the designed soluble DLL1, DLL4, and JAG1 ligands, as well as, the soluble NOTCH1 receptor blocked Notch signaling in endothelial and myogenic cells. All soluble ligands consistently exerted pro-angiogenic effects in vitro. The effects of DLL1 and DLL4 were markedly stronger than that of the JAG1 ligand and could also evoke elevated sprouting angiogenesis in the retina of newborn mice. Treatment with the soluble Notch receptor reduced endothelial sprouting in vitro. However, in vivo application of soluble NOTCH1 receptor protein resulted in increased retinal sprouting with elevated numbers of tip cells. Thus, the soluble ligands suppressed Notch receptor activity by acting as competitors for endogenous membrane-bound ligands; whereas the soluble receptor acted as a decoy for the different Notch ligands. Genetic studies with adult mice after endothelial-specific deletion of Notch signaling were performed. These mice developed cardiomyopathy within a few months; whereas vascular tumors developed after one year. In an ApoE-deficient model of hyperlipidemia, the deletion of endothelial Notch signaling improved the glucose tolerance of mice, but caused development of steatohepatitis. Thus, Notch signaling in the adult vasculature could be identified as a critical regulator of organ homeostasis as well as glucose and fat metabolism

Violência: definições e tipologias

O PDF apresenta a proposta e o objetivo do módulo que consta, na primeira unidade, das definições de violência e das teorias para entendê-la como fenômeno com raízes sociais e como grave problema de saúde pública, caracterizando os diferentes tipos de violência – em geral e entre parceiros íntimos, classificada essa última como: física, psicológica, sexual e comportamento controlador. Na segunda unidade cada um desses tipos de violência entre parceiros íntimos é estudado, sendo mostrada sua vinculação com a saúde e a necessidade de cuidado qualificado na Atenção Básica. Em ambas as unidades são apresentadas sugestões de reflexão, leituras complementares e referências.1.0Ministério da Saúd

Clinical assessment of image quality, usability and patient comfort in dedicated spiral breast computed tomography

OBJECTIVE To investigate aspects of image quality, feasibility and patient comfort in dedicated spiral breast computed tomography (B-CT) in a large patient cohort. METHODS This retrospective study was approved by the institutional review board. 2418 B-CT scans from 1222 women examined between 04/16/2019 and 04/13/2022 were analyzed. Patients evaluated their comfort during the examination, radiographers carrying out the scans evaluated the patient's mobility and usability of the B-CT device, whereas radiologists assessed lesion contrast, detectability of calcifications, breast coverage and overall image quality. For semi-quantitative assessment, a Likert-Scale was used and statistical significance and correlations were calculated using ANOVAs and Spearman tests. RESULTS Comfort, mobility and usability of the B-CT were rated each with either "no" or "negligible" complaints in >99%. Image quality was rated with "no" or "negligible complaints" in 96.7%. Lesion contrast and detectability of calcifications were rated either "optimal" or "good" in 92.6% and 98.4%. "Complete" and "almost complete" breast coverage were reported in 41.9%, while the pectoral muscle was found not to be covered in 56.0%. Major parts of the breast were not covered in 2.1%. Some variables were significantly correlated, such as age with comfort (ρ = -0.168, p < .001) and mobility (ρ = -0.172, p < .001) as well as patient weight with lesion contrast (ρ = 0.172, p < .001) and breast coverage (ρ = -0.109, p < .001). CONCLUSIONS B-CT provides high image quality and contrast of soft tissue lesions as well as calcifications, while covering the pre-pectoral areas of the breast remains challenging. B-CT is easy to operate for the radiographer and comfortable for the majority of women

Disease-modifying therapy adherence and associated factors in a national sample of Medicare patients with multiple sclerosis

OBJECTIVES: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) reduce relapse rates and disability progression for relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS). Although 25% to 30% of all US patients with MS are Medicare beneficiaries, limited information exists on this population. This is the first study using national Medicare data to (1) describe characteristics of patients with MS using DMTs, (2) estimate adherence to DMTs over a 1-year and 3-year follow-up, and (3) examine factors associated with DMT adherence. METHODS: This retrospective claims analysis used 2011-2014 100% Medicare files. Monthly adherence to MS DMTs was defined as the proportion of days covered ≥0.80 with any DMT in each month for 1-year (n = 36 593) and 3-year (n = 17 599) follow-up samples of MS DMT users. Generalized estimating equation logistic regressions were used to estimate factors associated with adherence to DMTs. RESULTS: Over 90% of patients were eligible for Medicare owing to disability, and about three-quarters qualified for low-income subsidies. A downward trend in DMT adherence was observed over time in both samples. Monthly adherence dropped significantly between December of the prior year to January of the following year (from 76% to 65% in the 1-year follow-up sample and similar drops seen across all years in the 3-year follow-up sample). Multivariable regressions indicated characteristics such as being low-income, having a disability, and having high patient out-of-pocket DMT costs associated with poor adherence to DMTs. CONCLUSION: Our study provides important insights into the characteristics and DMT adherence of Medicare patients with MS and highlights the need for interventions and policies mitigating barriers to adherence in this population

An Exploration of the Antecedents to Effective Recommender System Message Design

Recommender Systems (RS) aim to improve users’ decision quality and reduce decision-related effort. Prior research has focused on the impact of the entire system on recommendation acceptance and system use intentions, while largely overlooking the role of message design. To fill this void, a systematic literature review was undertaken to answer three research questions: (i) What comprises the current knowledge base of antecedents to effective RS message design? (ii) What significant results from past research can inform current scholars and practitioners of optimal RS message design practices? (iii) What are opportunities for future research in revealing guidelines for optimizing RS message design

Large genomic fibrillin-1 ( FBN1 ) gene deletions provide evidence for true haploinsufficiency in Marfan syndrome

Mutations in the FBN1 gene are the major cause of Marfan syndrome (MFS), an autosomal dominant connective tissue disorder, which displays variable manifestations in the cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal systems. Current molecular genetic testing of FBN1 may miss mutations in the promoter region or in other noncoding sequences as well as partial or complete gene deletions and duplications. In this study, we tested for copy number variations by successively applying multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and the Affymetrix Human Mapping 500K Array Set, which contains probes for ∼500,000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the genome. By analyzing genomic DNA of 101 unrelated individuals with MFS or related phenotypes in whom standard genetic testing detected no mutation, we identified FBN1 deletions in two patients with MFS. Our high-resolution approach narrowed down the deletion breakpoints. Subsequent sequencing of the junctional fragments revealed the deletion sizes of 26,887 and 302,580bp, respectively. Surprisingly, both deletions affect the putative regulatory and promoter region of the FBN1 gene, strongly indicating that they abolish transcription of the deleted allele. This expectation of complete loss of function of one allele, i.e. true haploinsufficiency, was confirmed by transcript analyses. Our findings not only emphasize the importance of screening for large genomic rearrangements in comprehensive genetic testing of FBN1 but, importantly, also extend the molecular etiology of MFS by providing hitherto unreported evidence that true haploinsufficiency is sufficient to cause MF

Temporal trends in initiation of VKA, rivaroxaban, apixaban and dabigatran for the treatment of venous thromboembolism:A Danish nationwide cohort study

AbstractDanish nationwide registries were used to investigate temporal trends in initiation of rivaroxaban or apixaban or dabigatran versus vitamin K antagonists (VKA) in patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Patients treated with one of the NOACs (rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban) or VKA were identified between February 2012 and September 2016. A total of 19,578 patients were included of which 10,844 (55.4%) were treated with VKA and 8,734 (44.6%) were treated with NOACs (rivaroxaban 7,572, apixaban 1,066, and dabigatran 96). Temporal trends showed a decrease in the initiation of VKA (p-value for decreasing trend, p &lt; 0001) and an increase in the initiation of rivaroxaban and apixaban (p-value for increasing trend, p &lt; 0001). By September 2016, 12%, 70%, 16%, and 2% of patients with VTE were initiated on VKA, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and dabigatran. Patients with previous VTE, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, cancer, and thrombophilia were more likely to be initiated on VKA compared with one of the NOACs. In conclusion the initiation of rivaroxaban and apixaban is increasing significantly over time in patients with VTE. Patients with previous VTE, chronic kidney disease, liver disease, cancer, and thrombophilia were more likely to be initiated on VKA compared with rivaroxaban or apixaban.</jats:p