Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy: the algorithm of actions in identifying bleeding from renal vessels

Bleeding, developing as a result of damage to the renal vessels, is a serious complication of surgical treatment of kidney stones. The ineffectiveness of conservative therapy is an indicator of superselective vascular embolization kidneys. The use of the technique demonstrates high efficiency of elimination of bleeding the patient in the postoperative period after NLP.Кровотечение, развивающееся в результате повреждения почечных сосудов при перкутанной нефролитотрипсии, является серьезным осложнением оперативного лечения мочекаменной болезни. Неэффективность гемостатической терапии является показанием для проведения суперселективной змболизации почечных сосудов. Использование данной методики демонстрирует высокую эффективность устранения кровотечения в послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с данным осложнением

Application superselective embolization of renal vessels with bleeding after PNL in patients with urolithiasis

Bleeding, developing as a result of damage to the renal vessels, is a serious complication of surgical treatment of kidney stones. The ineffectiveness of conservative therapy is an indicator of superselective vascular embolization kidneys. The use of the technique demonstrates high efficiency of elimination of bleeding the patient in the postoperative period after NLP.Кровотечение, развивающееся в результате повреждения почечных сосудов при перкутанной нефролитотрипсии, является серьезным осложнением оперативного лечения мочекаменной болезни. Неэффективность гемостатической терапии является показанием для проведения суперселективной эмболизации почечных сосудов. Использование данной методики демонстрирует высокую эффективность устранения кровотечения в послеоперационном периоде у пациентов с данным осложнением

Production of phytotoxins by Phoma exigua var. exigua, a potential mycoherbicide against perennial thistles

The potential of the different Phoma exigua var. exigua strains for the biocontrol of the perennial weeds Sonchus arvensis and Cirsium arvense, occurring throughout temperate regions of the world, has been evaluated in previous studies. The majority of the above strains produced ascosonchine, a newly discovered enol tautomer of 4- pyridylpyruvic acid, whereas strains C-177 and S-9, though virulent to weeds, did not produce the above metabolite. In this study, it was demonstrated that the above two strains, grown in liquid and solid cultures, produced p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, cytochalasins B, F, Z2 and Z3, and deoxaphomin. When assayed on the leaves of both C. arvense and S. arvensis, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was inactive, whereas deoxaphomin demonstrated the highest level of toxicity on leaves of S. arvensis. Cytochalasin Z2 appeared to be the less toxic cytochalasan on both plants according to the lack of the secondary hydroxyl group on C-7. Production of cytochalasins by P. exigua var. exigua strains isolated from C. arvense and S. arvensis is discussed in relation to chemotaxonomy and the biocontrol potential of the fungus

Alternethanoxins A and B, Polycyclic Ethanones Produced by Alternaria sonchi, Potential Mycoherbicides for Sonchus arvensis Biocontrol

Alternaria sonchi is a fungal pathogen isolated from Sonchus arvensis and proposed as a biocontrol agent of this noxious perennial weed. Different phytotoxic metabolites were isolated from solid culture of the fungus. Two new polycyclic ethanones, named alternethanoxins A and B, were characterized using essentially spectroscopic and chemical methods. Tested by leaf disk-puncture assay on the fungal host plant and a number of nonhost plants, alternethanoxins A and B were shown to be phytotoxic, whereas they did not possess antimicrobial activity tested at 100 μg/disk. Hence, alternethanoxins A and B have potential as nonselective natural herbicides. Some structure−activity relationship observations were also made

Phomachalasins A–D, 26-oxa[16] and [15]cytochalasans produced by Phoma exigua var. exigua, a potential mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense biocontrol

Phoma exigua var. exigua, a fungal pathogen isolated from Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis, proposed as a biocontrol agent of this noxious perennial weeds, produces in liquid and solid cultures different phytotoxic metabolites with potential herbicidal activity. The phytotoxic cytochalasins B, F, Z2, and Z3 and deoxaphomin were previously identified together with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Using spectroscopic methods, four new cytochalasins, termed phomachalasins A–D, were isolated and characterized as three new closely related 26-oxa[16] and one new [15]cytochalasans. They belong to a new subgroup of cytochalasans bearing a 1,2,3,4,6,7-hexasubstituted bicycle[3.2.0]heptene joined to the macrocyclic ring. None of the four new metabolites showed phytotoxic or antimicrobial activity. The lack of both phytotoxic and antimicrobial activities showed by all phomachalasins A–D was probably due to the strong modification of both functionalities and conformational freedom of the macrocyclic ring caused by its junction with the bulky and quite rigid new bicycle, namely bicycle[3.2.0]heptene

Stagonolide G-I and modiolide A, nonenolides produced by Stagonospora cirsii, a potential mycoherbicide for Cirsium arvense” Journal of Natural Products, 2008, 71, 1897-1901.

Stagonospora cirsii Davis, a fungal pathogen isolated from Cirsium arvense (commonly called Canada thistle) and proposed as a potential mycoherbicide of this perennial noxious weed, produces phytotoxic metabolites in liquid and solid cultures. Stagonolide, the main phytotoxic metabolite, and five new related nonenolides, named stagonolides B-F, were isolated from the fungus. When grown on solid culture, nonenolide yields increased. A further four nonenolides were isolated and characterized by spectroscopy. Three were new compounds and named stagonolides G-I, and the fourth was identified as modiolide A, previously isolated from Paraphaeosphaeria sp., a fungus separated from the horse mussel. Leaf disk-puncture assays at 1 mg/mL of stagonolides H-I and modiolide A were phytotoxic to C. arvense. Only stagonolide H inhibited chicory seedling root growth. The most potent toxin, stagonolide H, indicated selectivity when tested on leaves of eight different plants: Canada thistle was most sensitive to the compound

Relation between in vitro production of ascosonchine and virulence of strains of the potential mycoherbicide Ascochyta sonchi: a method for its quantification in complex samples

The potential of the Ascochyta sonchi fungus as a mycoherbicide for biol. control of the perennial weeds Sonchus arvensis and Cirsium arvense was studied. Ascosonchine, an enol tautomer of 4-pyridylpyruvic acid with potential herbicidal properties, is the main phytotexin produced by the fungus. A simple and sensitive method was developed for rapid quant. anal. of ascosonchine by HPLC with UV detection. The ascosonchine toxin contents in culture filtrates of 9 strains of A. sonchi were measured. The tested strains produced up to 2.7 mg ascosonchine/L when grown in static conditions for 4 wk. The toxin prodn. by each fungal strain was compared with the virulence on the host weed plant to det. if the most virulent strains could be selected by choosing the best toxin producers. The results did not support this assumption. The HPLC method was also used to quantify toxin prodn. under different fungal growth conditions to achieve the highest toxin prodn. The most productive fungal strain produced >8 mg/L when grown in static conditions for 8 wk

Nonenolides and cytochalasins with phytotoxic activity against Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis: a structure-activity relationships study

A structure-activity relationships study was conducted assaying 15 natural analogs and derivs. belonging to two groups of org. compds., nonenolides and cytochalasins, for their toxicity against the composite perennial weeds Cirsium arvense and Sonchus arvensis occurring through the temperate region of world. The toxic nonenolides (stagonolide, putaminoxin, pinolidoxin) and cytochalasins (deoxaphomin, cytochalasins A, B, F, T, Z2 and Z3) were isolated from phytopathogenic Stagonospora, Phoma and Ascochyta spp. The pinolidoxin (7,8-O,O'-diacetyl- and 7,8-O,O'-isopropylidene-pinolidoxin) and cytochalasins B (21,22-dihydro-, 7-O-acetyl- and 7,20-O,O'-diacetyl-cytochalasin B) derivs. were obtained by chem. modifications of the corresponding toxins. Among the 15 compds. tested, stagonolide and deoxaphomin proved to be the most phytotoxic to C. arvense and S. arvensis leaves, resp. The tested phytotoxic nonenolides were stronger inhibitors of photosynthesis in C. arvense leaves than cytochalasines A and B. Stagonolide had less effect on membrane permeability in C. arvense leaves than cytochalasin B. Significant changes of light absorption by C. arvense leaves in visible and IR spectra were caused by stagonolide. The functional groups and the conformational freedom of the ring, appear to be important structural features for the nonenolides toxicity, whereas and the presence of the hydroxy group at C-7, the functional group at C-20 and the conformational freedom of the macrocyclic ring are important for the cytochalasins toxicity

Stagonolides B-F, Nonenolides Produced by Stagonospora cirsii, a Potential Mycoherbicide of Cirsium arvense”

S. cirsii, a fungal pathogen isolated from C. arvense and proposed as a potential mycoherbicide of this perennial noxious weed, produces phytotoxic metabolites in liq. and solid cultures. Recently, the main metabolite, stagonolide (I), with interesting phytotoxic properties, was isolated from a liq. culture and characterized as a new nonenolide. In the present work this same fungus, grown in solid culture, exhibited an increased capacity to produce nonenolides. Five new nonenolides, named stagonolides B-F, were isolated and characterized using spectroscopic methods. When tested by a leaf disk puncture assay at a concn. of 1 mg/mL, these compds. showed no toxicity to C. arvense and Sonchus arvensis, whereas I was highly toxic. I and stagonolide C (II) were weakly toxic to Colpoda steinii, a protozoan, when tested at 0.05 mg/mL, with the other stagonolides nontoxic. A no. of structure-activity relationship observations were made