Panowanie Habsburgów w Europie

Niniejszy tekst jest wykładem profesora J. Berengera wygłoszonym w dniu 20 października 1994 podczas Jego wizyty naukowej w lnstytucie Historii Filii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego w Białymstoku.Jean Berenger jest obecnie profesorem historii nowożytnej na Uniwersytecie Paris-Sorbonne. Od ponad trzydziestu lat zajmuje się problematyką Europy Środkowej. Oprócz prac doktorskich poświęconych Austrii (Finances at absolutisme autrichien dans la seconds moitié du XVII ème siécle, Paris 1975) i Węgrom (Les Gravamina, Remontrances des Diètes de Hongris de 1655 à 1681, Paris 1973) jest autorem wielu książek i publikacji, z których najważniejsze to: Historie de l'Empire des Habsbourg de 1279 à 1918, Paris 1990), l'Autriche-Hongria (1815-1918), Paris 1994, La Tchécoslovaquie, Paris 1978 oraz Histoire de l'Autriche, Paris 1994.5-1

Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) Method with Non-Homogeneous Cells Filled with Voxels

This work was supported in part by EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action under Grant 101066571.With the objective of reducing the overall number of FDTD cells in applications where the objects of interest are given as sets of voxels, as in bio-electromagnetism, a subcell technique is introduced to allow the FDTD method to account for non-homogeneous cells composed with voxels of different permittivity’s. Numerical experiments with dielectric objects are reported to illustrate the effectiveness and the limitations of the method.EU Horizon 2020 Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action 10106657

NETWORK FOR MULTIMEDIA APPLICATION

International audienceFor the last four decades, the number and sophistication of electronic systems in vehicles have shown an exponential increase. One high-growth area is telematics systems-the convergence of mobile telecommunications and information processing in cars (radios, Web browsers, CD/DVD players, telematics, and infotainment systems). There is the need for a high-speed serial interface for future vehicles, able to share audio-video sources between all passengers and able to connect automotive electronic world with consumer electronic world. Different networks are available for multimedia automotive applications. Because of their capabilities IDB-1394b and Most are strong candidate. IDB 1394 is the automotive version of IEEE 1394 version b. It is designed for high-speed multimedia applications that require large amounts of information to be moved quickly in a vehicle. Key features include hot plug capability, compatibility with consumer electronics and the ability to use small, flexible, and inexpensive cables and connectors. Its flexible topology supports both branching and daisy-chaining of nodes. MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) is a Multimedia optical fiber system transport that is designed for the automotive environment. This paper presents the main characteristics of these two multimedia protocols. It includes the electrical characteristics, topology, transmission media, software layers… It includes as well some examples of applications and platform developmen

FDTD Voxels-in-Cell method with Debye media

The Voxels-in-Cell (VIC) method was recently introduced for reducing the computational cost of the finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) method with objects composed with dielectric voxels. It relies on using a FDTD cell larger than the voxels, with eight or more voxels in each VIC cell. With the objective of using it in bio-electromagnetics applications, this paper extends the VIC method to voxels filled with Debye media. Beside the theory and the algorithm of the extended VIC method, several numerical experiments are reported with a canonical object and with human body phantoms composed with voxels. The experiments show that the accuracy of the method is preserved while large reductions of the computational requirements can be achieved, especially the computational time can be reduced by about one order of magnitude.EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program through Marie Sklodowska- Curie Action under Grant 101066571.Spanish MICINN EU FEDER Projects under Grant PID2019.106120RB.C33 and Grant PID2022- 137495OB-C31

Accurate identification of Culicidae at aquatic developmental stages by MALDI-TOF MS profiling

International audienceBACKGROUND: The identification of mosquito vectors is generally based on morphological criteria, but for aquatic stages, morphological characteristics may be missing, leading to incomplete or incorrect identification. The high cost of molecular biology techniques requires the development of an alternative strategy. In the last decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) profiling has proved to be efficient for arthropod identification at the species level.METHODS:To investigate the usefulness of MALDI-TOF MS for the identification of mosquitoes at aquatic stages, optimizations of sample preparation, diet, body parts and storage conditions were tested. Protein extracts of whole specimens from second larval stage to pupae were selected for the creation of a reference spectra database. The database included a total of 95 laboratory-reared specimens of 6 mosquito species, including Anopheles gambiae (S form), Anopheles coluzzi (M form), Culex pipiens pipiens, Culex pipiens molestus, Aedes aegypti and 2 colonies of Aedes albopictus.RESULTS:The present study revealed that whole specimens at aquatic stages produced reproducible and singular spectra according to the mosquito species. Moreover, MS protein profiles appeared weakly affected by the diet provided. Despite the low diversity of some MS profiles, notably for cryptic species, clustering analyses correctly classified all specimens tested at the species level followed by the clustering of early vs. late aquatic developmental stages. Discriminant mass peaks were recorded for the 6 mosquito species analyzed at larval stage 3 and the pupal stage. Querying against the reference spectra database of 149 new specimens at different aquatic stages from the 6 mosquito species revealed that 147 specimens were correctly identified at the species level and that early and late developmental stages were also distinguished.CONCLUSIONS:The present work highlights that MALDI-TOF MS profiling may be useful for the rapid and reliable identification of mosquito species at aquatic stages. With this proteomic tool, it becomes now conceivable to survey mosquito breeding sites prior to the mosquitoes' emergence and to adapt anti-vectorial measures according to the mosquito fauna detected

Model Hubungan Antara Volume Lalulintas Dengan Tarif Jalan Tol

Indonesia has experienced increasing economic growth every year. This recent trend needs to be supported by adequate transportation infrastructures, especially roads. Since there is limited budget for infrastructure development, the government has invited private investors for toll road construction. Toll tariff and traffic volume are two main factors that affect toll road income and investment. A method based on financial approach needs to be developed to enhance the benefit cost analysis of toll road construction and furthermore to determine the toll tariff. Factors that affect toll tariff were analyzed based on vehicle number and vehicle growth rate. The elasticity theory was applied in this case study to identify the effects of toll tariff on traffic volume. A model of critical traffic volume was created based on the analysis of several factors such as construction cost, operation and maintenance cost, payback period, and internal rate of return. The results from Jia method and the Present Worth Factor (PWF) method show that the relationship between traffic volume and toll tariff is very sensitive, indicated by the elasticity value equal to 1. The difference between the two method is about 27% and is caused by the double counting on taxes on Jia method

Sequential modelling of ICRF wave near RF fields and asymptotic RF sheaths description for AUG ICRF antennas

A sequence of simulations is performed with RAPLICASOL and SSWICH to compare two AUG ICRF antennas. RAPLICASOL outputs have been used as input to SSWICH-SW for the AUG ICRF antennas. Using parallel electric field maps and the scattering matrix produced by RAPLICASOL, SSWICH-SW, reduced to its asymptotic part, is able to produce a 2D radial/poloidal map of the DC plasma potential accounting for the antenna input settings (total power, power balance, phasing). Two models of antennas are compared: 2-strap antenna vs 3-strap antenna. The 2D DC potential structures are correlated to structures of the parallel electric field map for different phasing and power balance. The overall DC plasma potential on the 3-strap antenna is lower due to better global RF currents compensation. Spatial proximity between regions of high RF electric field and regions where high DC plasma potentials are observed is an important factor for sheath rectification

A comparative, randomized clinical trial of artemisinin/naphtoquine twice daily one day versus artemether/lumefantrine six doses regimen in children and adults with uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Côte d'Ivoire

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Drug resistance in <it>Plasmodium falciparum </it>poses a major threat to malaria control. Combination anti-malarial therapy, including artemisinins, has been advocated to improve efficacy and limit the spread of resistance. The fixed combination of oral artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is highly effective and well-tolerated. Artemisinin/naphtoquine (AN) is a fixed-dose ACT that has recently become available in Africa.</p> <p>The objectives of the study were to compare the efficacy and safety of AN and AL for the treatment of uncomplicated <it>falciparum </it>malaria in a high transmission-intensity site in Ivory Coast.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We enrolled 122 participants aged 6 months or more with uncomplicated <it>falciparum </it>malaria. Participants were randomized to receive either artemisinin/naphtoquine or artemether/lumefantrine with variable dose according to their weight. Primary endpoints were the risks of treatment failure within 28 days, either unadjusted or adjusted by genotyping to distinguish recrudescence from new infection.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among 125 participants enrolled, 123 (98.4%) completed follow-up. Clinical evaluation of the 123 participants showed that cumulative PCR-uncorrected cure rate on day 28 was 100% for artemisinin/naphtoquine and 98.4% for artemether/lumefantrine. Both artemisinin-based combinations effected rapid fever and parasite clearance.</p> <p>Interpretation</p> <p>These data suggest that Arco^®could prove to be suitable for use as combination antimalarial therapy. Meanwhile, pharmacokinetic studies and further efficacy assessment should be conducted before its widespread use can be supported.</p