Tinjauan Kriminologis Faktor Penyebab Terjadinya Tindak Pidana Pencurian Kendaraan Bermotor (Studi di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Lowokwaru Malang)

Terdapat batasan-batasan yang tidak dapat diselesaikan oleh hukum pidana yang pada dasarnya hukum pidana sendiri hanya terfokus pada upaya bagaimana cara menyelesaikan suatu tindak pidana yang telah terjadi bukan untuk mengetahui bagaimana cara supaya dapat mencegah terjanya tindak pidana tersebut. Terjadinya suatu tindak pidana merupakan suatu sebab-akibat yang dihasilkan dari proses berinteraksi dengan lingkungan masyarakatnya dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-harinya. Maka jika kita ingin mengatasi suatu permasalahan, sudah seharusnya kita memulainya dari akar permasalahan terlebih dahulu. Permasalahan tersebutlah yang menjadi fundamental untuk diatasi sebelum terfokus dengan bagaimana cara menangani pencurian-pencurian yang telah terjadi. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis faktor-faktor apakah seseorang melakukan pencurian kendaraan bermotor serta untuk mengetahui, mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis modus operandi yang digunakan oleh pelaku dalam menjalankan aksi pencurian kendaraan bermotor. Faktor yang menjadi penyebab terjadinya kejahatan pencurian kendaraan bermotor adalah faktor ekonomi, faktor lingkungan, faktor pendidikan, faktor penegakkan hukum, faktor individu dan faktor perkembangan global. Sedangkan modus-modus operandi yang digunakan oleh pelaku antara lain berpura-pura meminjam atau menyewa motor, mengunakan kunci T yang digunakan untuk merusak rumah kunci, mengintai, membuntuti dan kemudian menghadang calon korban, melakukan kredit dengan menggunakan identitas palsu, menyebar paku dijalan-jalan tertentu dan berpura-pura mencari tempat tinggal (tempat kos/kontrakan) di suatu wilayah

Reversal of Tetracycline Resistance by Cepharanthine, Cinchonidine, Ellagic Acid and Propyl Gallate in a Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli

Bacterial resistance to antibiotics is an increasing threat to global healthcare systems. We therefore sought compounds with potential to reverse antibiotic resistance in a clinically relevant multi-drug resistant isolate of Escherichia coli (NCTC 13400). 200 natural compounds with a history of either safe oral use in man, or as a component of a traditional herb or medicine, were screened. Four compounds; ellagic acid, propyl gallate, cinchonidine and cepharanthine, lowered the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of tetracycline, chloramphenicol and tobramycin by up to fourfold, and when combined up to eightfold. These compounds had no impact on the MICs of ampicillin, erythromycin or trimethoprim. Mechanistic studies revealed that while cepharanthine potently suppressed efflux of the marker Nile red from bacterial cells, the other hit compounds slowed cellular accumulation of this marker, and/or slowed bacterial growth in the absence of antibiotic. Although cepharanthine showed some toxicity in a cultured HEK-293 mammalian cell-line model, the other hit compounds exhibited no toxicity at concentrations where they are active against E. coli NCTC 13400. The results suggest that phytochemicals with capacity to reverse antibiotic resistance may be more common in traditional medicines than previously appreciated, and may offer useful scaffolds for the development of antibiotic-sensitising drugs

Associations between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and left ventricular structure and function from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos (ECHO-SOL)

Objective The cross-sectional association between accelerometer-measured physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and cardiac structure and function is less well described. This study's primary aim was to compare echocardiographic measures of cardiac structure and function with accelerometer measured PA and SB. Methods Participants included 1206 self-identified Hispanic/Latino men and women, age 45-74 years, from the Echocardiographic Study of Latinos. Standard echocardiographic measures included M-mode, two-dimensional, spectral, tissue Doppler and myocardial strain. Participants wore an Actical accelerometer at the hip for 1 week. Results The mean±SE age for the cohort was 56±0.4 years, 57% were women. Average moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) was 21±1.1 min/day, light PA was 217±4.2 min/day and SB was 737±8.1 min/day. Both higher levels of light PA and MVPA (min/day) were associated with lower left ventricular (LV) mass index (LVMI)/end-diastolic volume and a lower E/e′ ratio. Higher levels of MVPA (min/day) were associated with better right ventricular systolic function. Higher levels of SB were associated with increased LVMI. In a multivariable linear regression model adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular disease modifiable factors, every 10 additional min/day of light PA was associated with a 0.03 mL/m 2 increase in left atrial volume index (LAVI) (p<0.01) and a 0.004 cm increase in tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (p<0.01); every 10 additional min/day of MVPA was associated with a 0.18 mL/m 2 increase in LAVI (p<0.01) and a 0.24% improvement in global circumferential strain (p<0.01). Conclusions Our findings highlight the potential positive association between the MVPA and light PA on cardiac structure and function

The crystal structure of the TetR family transcriptional repressor SimR bound to DNA and the role of a flexible N-terminal extension in minor groove binding

SimR, a TetR-family transcriptional regulator (TFR), controls the export of simocyclinone, a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor made by Streptomyces antibioticus. Simocyclinone is exported by a specific efflux pump, SimX and the transcription of simX is repressed by SimR, which binds to two operators in the simR-simX intergenic region. The DNA-binding domain of SimR has a classical helix-turn-helix motif, but it also carries an arginine-rich N-terminal extension. Previous structural studies showed that the N-terminal extension is disordered in the absence of DNA. Here, we show that the N-terminal extension is sensitive to protease cleavage, but becomes protease resistant upon binding DNA. We demonstrate by deletion analysis that the extension contributes to DNA binding, and describe the crystal structure of SimR bound to its operator sequence, revealing that the N-terminal extension binds in the minor groove. In addition, SimR makes a number of sequence-specific contacts to the major groove via its helix-turn-helix motif. Bioinformatic analysis shows that an N-terminal extension rich in positively charged residues is a feature of the majority of TFRs. Comparison of the SimR–DNA and SimR–simocyclinone complexes reveals that the conformational changes associated with ligand-mediated derepression result primarily from rigid-body rotation of the subunits about the dimer interface

Drug discovery prospect from untapped species: Indications from approved natural product drugs

10.1371/journal.pone.0039782PLoS ONE77

The Schnitzler syndrome

The Schnitzler syndrome is a rare and underdiagnosed entity which is considered today as being a paradigm of an acquired/late onset auto-inflammatory disease. It associates a chronic urticarial skin rash, corresponding from the clinico-pathological viewpoint to a neutrophilic urticarial dermatosis, a monoclonal IgM component and at least 2 of the following signs: fever, joint and/or bone pain, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and/or liver, increased ESR, increased neutrophil count, abnormal bone imaging findings. It is a chronic disease with only one known case of spontaneous remission. Except of the severe alteration of quality of life related mainly to the rash, fever and pain, complications include severe inflammatory anemia and AA amyloidosis. About 20% of patients will develop a lymphoproliferative disorder, mainly Waldenström disease and lymphoma, a percentage close to other patients with IgM MGUS. It was exceedingly difficult to treat patients with this syndrome until the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra became available. Anakinra allows a complete control of all signs within hours after the first injection, but patients need continuous treatment with daily injections

Expanding the Repertoire of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Based Vaccine Vectors via Genetic Complementation Strategies

nkara (MVA) is a safe, highly attenuated orthopoxvirus that is being developed as a recombinant vaccine vector for immunization against a number of infectious diseases and cancers. However, the expression by MVA vectors of large numbers of poxvirus antigens, which display immunodominance over vectored antigens-of-interest for the priming of T cell responses, and the induction of vector-neutralizing antibodies, which curtail the efficacy of subsequent booster immunizations, remain as significant impediments to the overall utility of such vaccines. Thus, genetic approaches that enable the derivation of MVA vectors that are antigenically less complex may allow for rational improvement of MVA-based vaccines. during infection, and that the processes governing the generation of antiviral antibody responses are more readily saturated by viral antigen than are those that elicit CD8+ T cell responses. deletion, enables the generation of novel replication-defective MVA mutants and expands the repertoire of genetic viral variants that can now be explored as improved vaccine vectors

Genomic Analysis of the Hydrocarbon-Producing, Cellulolytic, Endophytic Fungus Ascocoryne sarcoides

The microbial conversion of solid cellulosic biomass to liquid biofuels may provide a renewable energy source for transportation fuels. Endophytes represent a promising group of organisms, as they are a mostly untapped reservoir of metabolic diversity. They are often able to degrade cellulose, and they can produce an extraordinary diversity of metabolites. The filamentous fungal endophyte Ascocoryne sarcoides was shown to produce potential-biofuel metabolites when grown on a cellulose-based medium; however, the genetic pathways needed for this production are unknown and the lack of genetic tools makes traditional reverse genetics difficult. We present the genomic characterization of A. sarcoides and use transcriptomic and metabolomic data to describe the genes involved in cellulose degradation and to provide hypotheses for the biofuel production pathways. In total, almost 80 biosynthetic clusters were identified, including several previously found only in plants. Additionally, many transcriptionally active regions outside of genes showed condition-specific expression, offering more evidence for the role of long non-coding RNA in gene regulation. This is one of the highest quality fungal genomes and, to our knowledge, the only thoroughly annotated and transcriptionally profiled fungal endophyte genome currently available. The analyses and datasets contribute to the study of cellulose degradation and biofuel production and provide the genomic foundation for the study of a model endophyte system

Plant growth-promoting actinobacteria: a new strategy for enhancing sustainable production and protection of grain legumes

Grain legumes are a cost-effective alternative for the animal protein in improving the diets of the poor in South-East Asia and Africa. Legumes, through symbiotic nitrogen fixation, meet a major part of their own N demand and partially benefit the following crops of the system by enriching soil. In realization of this sustainability advantage and to promote pulse production, United Nations had declared 2016 as the “International Year of pulses”. Grain legumes are frequently subjected to both abiotic and biotic stresses resulting in severe yield losses. Global yields of legumes have been stagnant for the past five decades in spite of adopting various conventional and molecular breeding approaches. Furthermore, the increasing costs and negative effects of pesticides and fertilizers for crop production necessitate the use of biological options of crop production and protection. The use of plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria for improving soil and plant health has become one of the attractive strategies for developing sustainable agricultural systems due to their eco-friendliness, low production cost and minimizing consumption of non-renewable resources. This review emphasizes on how the PGP actinobacteria and their metabolites can be used effectively in enhancing the yield and controlling the pests and pathogens of grain legumes