76 research outputs found
Facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a systematic review of qualitative studies
Pulmonary rehabilitation has short-term benefits on dyspnea, exercise capacity and quality of life in COPD, but evidence suggests these do not always translate to increased daily physical activity on a patient level. This is attributed to a limited understanding of the determinants of physical activity maintenance following pulmonary rehabilitation. This systematic review of qualitative research was conducted to understand COPD patientsâ perceived facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation. Electronic databases of published data, non-published data, and trial registers were searched to identify qualitative studies (interviews, focus groups) reporting the facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation for people with COPD. Thematic synthesis of qualitative data was adopted involving line-by-line coding of the findings of the included studies, development of descriptive themes, and generation of analytical themes. Fourteen studies including 167 COPD patients met the inclusion criteria. Seven sub-themes were identified as influential to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation. These included: intentions, self-efficacy, feedback of capabilities and improvements, relationship with health care professionals, peer interaction, opportunities following pulmonary rehabilitation and routine. These encapsulated the facilitators and barriers to physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation and were identified as sub-themes within the three analytical themes, which were beliefs, social support, and the environment. The findings highlight the challenge of promoting physical activity following pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD and provide complementary evidence to aid evaluations of interventions already attempted in this area, but also adds insight into future development of interventions targeting physical activity maintenance in COPD
Oksidacijski stres u lakirera izloĆŸenih niskim razinama olova
Lead toxicity is a public health problem particularly to the children and to occupationally exposed adults. Evidence is mounting successively regarding the adverse health effects of lead at low levels. This study was undertaken to assess the antioxidant status of lead-exposed residential and commercial painters of Lucknow city in Uttar Pradesh, India. Thirty-five painters aged 20 to 50 years who had blood lead levels â€400 ”g L-1 were selected for the study from a population of 56 male painters initially screened for blood lead. The control group included an equal number of subjects of the same age group without any occupational exposure to lead. We studied the association between low lead level exposure and antioxidant status and found that blood lead levels in painters were approximately seven times as high as in controls [(219.2 ± 61.9) ”g L-1 vs. (30.6±10.1) ”g L-1, respectively]. Among the biomarkers of lead toxicity a significant decrease in the level of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase [(9.13±4.62) UL-1 vs. (39.38±5.05) UL-1] and an increase in the level of zinc protoporphyrin [(187.9±49.8) ”g L-1 vs. (26.4±5.5) ”g L-1] were observed in painters compared to controls. Among antioxidant enzymes, painters showed a significant decrease in catalase [(56.77±11.11) UL-1 vs. (230.30±42.55) UL-1] and superoxide dismutase [(0.64±0.19) UL-1 vs. (2.68±0.62) UL-1] compared to controls. Lipid peroxidation was monitored by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) that were expressed in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) equivalents. Concentration of MDA in plasma was higher in painters than in controls [(7.48±1.31) nmol mL-1 vs. (3.08±0.56) nmol mL-1]. Significant changes were also observed in reduced and oxidised glutathione levels. The strong association between blood lead levels and oxidative stress markers in this population suggests that oxidative stress should be considered in the pathogenesis of lead-related diseases among people with low level environmental exposure to lead.ToksiÄnost olova javnozdravstveni je problem, napose u djece i odraslih osoba koje su im izloĆŸene profesionalno. Sve je viĆĄe dokaza o ĆĄtetnom djelovanju olova pri niskim razinama. Svrha je ovog ispitivanja bila procijeniti antioksidacijski status u lakirera iz grada Lucknowa u indijskoj pokrajini Uttar Pradesh. Iz skupine od 56 muĆĄkaraca lakirera u dobi od 20 do 50 godina s pozitivnim poÄetnim nalazima olova u krvi, za ispitivanje su izabrana 35-orica Äije su razine iznosile â€400 ”g L-1. Izabran je i jednaki broj kontrolnih ispitanika iz iste dobne skupine, koji nisu bili profesionalno izloĆŸeni olovu. Ispitana je povezanost izme|u izloĆŸenosti niskim razinama olova i antioksidacijskoga stanja te je utvrÄeno da su razine olova u krvi lakirera [(219,2±61,9) ”g L-1] bile oko sedam puta viĆĄe negoli u kontrolnih ispitanika [(30,6±10,1) ”g L-1]. Od biopokazatelja toksiÄnosti olova u lakirera je zamijeÄen znaÄajan pad razina delta- ALAD [(9,13±4,62) UL-1 prema (39,38±5,05) UL-1] te rast razina cinkova protoporfirina [(187,9±49,8) ”g L-1 prema (26,4±5,5) ”g L-1] u odnosu na kontrolne ispitanike. Od antioksidacijskih enzima u lakirera je znaÄajno pala aktivnost katalaze [(56,77±11,11) UL-1 prema (230,30±42,55) UL-1] i superoksid dismutaze [(0,64±0.19) UL-1 prema (2,68±0,62) UL-1] u odnosu na kontrolu, dok je produkt lipidne peroksidacije u plazmi (izv. thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS) izraĆŸen kao koncentracija malondialdehida (MDA) porastao [(7,48±1,31) nmol mL-1 prema (3,08±0,56) nmol mL-1]. ZnaÄajne su promjene takoÄer zamijeÄene u smanjenim razinama glutationa i njihovoj oksidaciji. SnaĆŸna povezanost razina olova u krvi s pokazateljima oksidacijskoga stresa upuÄuje na to da u osoba s niskom razinom izloĆŸenosti olovu iz okoliĆĄa kod razmatranja patogeneze bolesti povezane s olovom u obzir valja uzeti oksidacijski stres
Impact of self-reported physical activity and health promotion behaviors on lung cancer survivorship
Test dâeffort cardiopulmonaire, prĂ©adaptation et rĂ©cupĂ©ration rapide aprĂšs la chirurgie (RRAC)
Maximum inspiratory pressure as a clinically meaningful trial endpoint for neuromuscular diseases: a comprehensive review of the literature
A autoridade, o desejo e a alquimia da polĂtica: linguagem e poder na constituição do papado medieval (1060-1120)
Complications of lung resection and exercise capacity: meta-analysis
SummaryRationaleWhile exercise capacity, expressed as maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), has been proposed to be the best predictor of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications after surgical resection in lung cancer patients, the literature remains controversial.The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to determine if VO2max, expressed as either mlkgâ1minâ1 or as a percentage of predicted, differed between patients who develop postoperative cardiopulmonary complications versus those that do not.MethodsStudies were retrieved via (1) computerized literature searches, (2) cross referencing from retrieved articles, and (3) expert review of our reference list. Trials were included if they reported preoperative VO2max values (mlkgâ1minâ1 or percentage of predicted) and had patients in which postoperative cardiopulmonary complications occurred.ResultsFourteen studies representing a total of 955 men and women met our criteria for inclusion. Across all designs and categories, random-effects modeling demonstrated that patients without postoperative pulmonary complications had significantly higher levels of VO2max in mlkgâ1minâ1 (mean difference=3.0, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9â4.0) as well as VO2max as a percentage of predicted (mean difference=8, 95% CI, 3.3â12.8).ConclusionAfter a systematic review of the literature, we found that exercise capacity, expressed as VO2max, is lower in patients that develop clinically relevant complications after curative lung resection. These results are important for the practicing clinician because they answer the literature controversy on the usefulness of measuring preoperative exercise capacity and reinforce the current guidelines on decision making for lung resection
Variable temperature and pressure study of the aquation reactions of cobalt(III) and chromium(III) penta- and tetra-amines
Preparation of a series of specific penta- and tetra-amine derivatives of Co-III and Cr-III with a neutral leaving ligand has been carried out in order to accomplish a fine tuning of the associativeness/dissociativeness of their substitution reactions. Spontaneous aquation reactions of the neutral ligands have been studied at variable temperature and pressure. Although rate constants and thermal activation parameters show an important degree of scatter, the values determined for the activation volumes of the substitution process illustrate the mechanistic fine tuning that may be achieved for these reactions. In all cases, in the absence of important steric constraints in the molecule, electronic inductive effects seem to be the most important factor accounting for the dissociative shifts observed both for pentaamine (i.e.Delta V double dagger=+4.0 or +14.0 cm(3) mol(-1) and +5.2 or +16.5 cm(3) mol(-1) for the aquation of cis- or trans-[Co(MeNH2)(NH3)(4)(DMF)](3+) and cis- or trans-[CoL15(DMF)](3+) respectively, where L-15 represents a pentaamine macrocyclic ligand), and tetraamine systems (i.e.Delta V double dagger=+4.1 or +8.4 cm(3) mol(-1) and -10.8 or -7.4 cm(3) mol(-1) for the aquation of cis-[Co(NH3)(4)Cl(DMAC)](2+) (DMAC=dimethylacetamide) or cis-[Co(en)(2)Cl(DMAC)](2+) and cis-[Cr(NH3)(4)Cl(DMF)](2+) or cis -[Cr(en)(2)Cl(DMF)](2+)). From the results, clear evidence is obtained which indicates that, only when the situation is borderline I-a/I-d, or the steric demands are increased dramatically, dissociative shifts are observed; in all other cases electronic inductive effects seem to be dominant for such a tuning of the substitution process
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