7,237 research outputs found
Quantifying the risk of heart disease following acute ischaemic stroke: a meta-analysis of over 50â 000 participants
Ovalbumin sensitization and challenge increases the number of lung cells possessing a mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype
Abstract Background Recent studies have indicated the presence of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in human lung diseases. Excess airway smooth muscle, myofibroblasts and activated fibroblasts have each been noted in asthma, suggesting that mesenchymal progenitor cells play a role in asthma pathogenesis. We therefore sought to determine whether MSCs are present in the lungs of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized and challenged mice, a model of allergic airways disease. Methods Balb/c mice were sensitized and challenged with PBS or OVA over a 25 day period. Flow cytometry as well as colony forming and differentiation potential were used to analyze the emergence of MSCs along with gene expression studies using immunochemical analyses, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and gene expression beadchips. Results A CD45-negative subset of cells expressed Stro-1, Sca-1, CD73 and CD105. Selection for these markers and negative selection against CD45 yielded a population of cells capable of adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. Lungs from OVA-treated mice demonstrated a greater average colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) than control mice. Sorted cells differed from unsorted lung adherent cells, exhibiting a pattern of gene expression nearly identical to bone marrow-derived sorted cells. Finally, cells isolated from the bronchoalveolar lavage of a human asthma patient showed identical patterns of cell surface markers and differentiation potential. Conclusions In summary, allergen sensitization and challenge is accompanied by an increase of MSCs resident in the lungs that may regulate inflammatory and fibrotic responses.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78265/1/1465-9921-11-127.xmlhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78265/2/1465-9921-11-127.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78265/3/1465-9921-11-127-S1.DOCPeer Reviewe
Patterns of Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders Among Children and Adolesecents in Mississippi Medicaid
The nature of services for psychiatric disorders in public health systems has been understudied, particularly with regard to frequency, duration, and costs. The current study examines patterns of service reception and costs among Medicaid-covered youth newly diagnosed with anxiety, depression, or behavioral disturbance in a large data set of provider billing claims submitted between 2015â2016. Eligibility criteria included: 1) identification of an initial diagnosis of a single anxiety, unipolar mood, or specific behavioral disorder; 2) continuous Medicaid eligibility over the duration of the time period studied; and 3) under 18 years of age on the date of initial psychiatric diagnosis. The final cohort included 7,627 cases with a mean age of 10.65 (±4.36), of which 58.04% were male, 57.09% were Black, 38.97% were White, and 3.95% were of other ethnicities. Data indicated that 65.94% of the cohort received at least some follow-up services within a median 18 days of diagnosis. Of those, 54.27% received a combination of medical and psychosocial services, 32.01% received medical services only, and 13.72% received psychosocial services only. Overall median costs for direct treatment were 308.41) and highest (behavioral disturbance = $653.59) diagnostic categories. Across all categories the frequency and duration of psychosocial services were much lower than would be expected in comparison to data from a well-known effectiveness trial. Overall, follow-up to psychiatric diagnosis could be characterized as highly variable, underutilized, and emphasizing biomedical treatment. Understanding more about these patterns may facilitate systematic improvements and greater cost efficiency in the future
STEM Careers Awareness Timelines Attitudes and ambitions towards science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM at Key Stage 3)
The importance of science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) expertise to the UK economy is generally accepted as key to maintaining our international competitiveness. This
importance was noted in the 2002 review by Sir Gareth Roberts, âSet for Success: The supply of people with science, technology, engineering and mathematics skillsâ. This report stemmed from the, âGovernmentâs concern that the supply of high-quality scientists and engineers should not constrain the UKâs future research and development (R&D) and innovation performance.â (Roberts, 2002, p.1
STEM Careers Awareness Timelines
The importance of science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) expertise to the UK economy is generally accepted as key to maintaining our international competitiveness. This
importance was noted in the 2002 review by Sir Gareth Roberts, âSet for Success: The supply of people with science, technology, engineering and mathematics skillsâ. This report stemmed from the, âGovernmentâs concern that the supply of high-quality scientists and engineers should not
constrain the UKâs future research and development (R&D) and innovation performance.â
(Roberts, 2002, p.1)
âA shortage of graduates in these disciplines is likely to become increasingly serious since the UK economy â with its large financial services sector, strong science base and increasing focus on high-tech and high value-added manufacturing businesses â is likely to need more
mathematics and physical science graduates, not fewerâ (Roberts, 2002, p. 49).
The report highlighted increasing employer difficulties in the recruitment of suitably qualified scientists and engineers, and corresponding implications for future UK competitiveness. Although recruitment data revealed that employers and universities were not doing enough to attract
candidates by offering competitive conditions of employment, the report highlighted âpoor experiences of science and engineering education among pupils generally, coupled with a
negative image of, and inadequate information about careers arising from the study of science and engineering.â Addressing these issues would require, âAction in schools and further and higher educationâ (Roberts, 2002, p.3).
Recent years have thus seen much emphasis placed on the quality of learning and teaching of STEM subjects in schools, accompanied by adequate IAG provision. However, STEM subjects are being dropped at school by young people in favour of other choices prior to, and following GCSEs, with worrying implications for higher level STEM study, and subsequently careers such as engineering, construction and scientific research. Consequently, the Department for Children,
Schools and Families (DCSF) have developed a suite of 11 Action Programmes within a strategic framework to prioritise STEM issues. Action Programme 8 focussed on careers and seeks to achieve two objectives:
âą For all young people to be made aware of the fulfilling and attractive careers open to them
through the continued study of science and mathematics
âą To provide the knowledge and skills to enable young people to make informed subject
choices to achieve qualifications to keep their options open for further study and careers in
STEM
A new method for the spectroscopic identification of stellar non-radial pulsation modes. II. Mode identification of the Delta Scuti star FG Virginis
We present a mode identification based on new high-resolution time-series
spectra of the non-radially pulsating Delta Scuti star FG~Vir (HD 106384, V =
6.57, A5V). From 2002 February to June a global Delta Scuti Network (DSN)
campaign, utilizing high-resolution spectroscopy and simultaneous photometry
has been conducted for FG~Vir in order to provide a theoretical pulsation
model. In this campaign we have acquired 969 Echelle spectra covering 147 hours
at six observatories. The mode identification was carried out by analyzing line
profile variations by means of the Fourier parameter fit method, where the
observational Fourier parameters across the line are fitted with theoretical
values. This method is especially well suited for determining the azimuthal
order m of non-radial pulsation modes and thus complementary with the method of
Daszynska-Daszkiewicz (2002) which does best at identifying the degree l. 15
frequencies between 9.2 and 33.5 c/d were detected spectroscopically. We
determined the azimuthal order m of 12 modes and constrained their harmonic
degree l. Only modes of low degree (l <= 4) were detected, most of them having
axisymmetric character mainly due to the relatively low projected rotational
velocity of FG Vir. The detected non-axisymmetric modes have azimuthal orders
between -2 and 1. We derived an inclination of 19 degrees, which implies an
equatorial rotational rate of 66 km/s.Comment: 14 pages, 26 figure
An Exploratory Study of Forces and Frictions affecting Large-Scale Model-Driven Development
In this paper, we investigate model-driven engineering, reporting on an
exploratory case-study conducted at a large automotive company. The study
consisted of interviews with 20 engineers and managers working in different
roles. We found that, in the context of a large organization, contextual forces
dominate the cognitive issues of using model-driven technology. The four forces
we identified that are likely independent of the particular abstractions chosen
as the basis of software development are the need for diffing in software
product lines, the needs for problem-specific languages and types, the need for
live modeling in exploratory activities, and the need for point-to-point
traceability between artifacts. We also identified triggers of accidental
complexity, which we refer to as points of friction introduced by languages and
tools. Examples of the friction points identified are insufficient support for
model diffing, point-to-point traceability, and model changes at runtime.Comment: To appear in proceedings of MODELS 2012, LNCS Springe
Political trials and the suppression of popular radicalism in England, 1799-1820
This chapter examines the decision-making process between the Home Office and the governmentâs law officers in prosecuting individuals for sedition and treason in the period 1799â1820. The term state trial suggests a more centralised and government-led repression of popular radicalism than the process was in practice. Provincial reformers also faced the complex layers of their local justice system, which was more loyalist, committed to stamping out political radicalism. The trial of the âThirty Eightâ Manchester radicals in June 1812 demonstrates the mutable definitions of treason, sedition and processes of justice in the theatre of the court.Peer reviewe
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