A measure of experiences with violence and post-traumatic stress disorder

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to [email protected], referencing the URI of the item.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 36-37).This present study examined the relationship between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms, attitudes about sexuality, number of incidents of lifetime interpersonal violence (directly experienced, witnessed, and told as experienced by someone close), and substance use. Participants were 73 male and 211 female undergraduate students from Introductory Psychology. It was hypothesized that numbers of incidences of interpersonal violence and rates of PTSD symptoms would be related. Also, individuals who have directly experienced sexual assault or know many who have may have more negative views of sexuality. In addition, women who experience PTSD symptoms may have more negative feelings about sexuality. Incidence of PTSD symptoms, directly experienced sexual threat, and indirectly experienced sexual threat in women were found to related to sexual preoccupation. Self-reported trauma indicated relationships between PTSD symptoms; also, for women found strong relationships on PTSD symptoms and directly and indirectly experienced sexual violence

Increase Admissions by Starting with Less Serious Crimes

The stigma associated with admitting to criminal behaviors can cause suspects to be hesitant to admit to past wrongdoing. However, suspects may be more willing to admit to criminal behaviors if interrogation procedures first lead them to become inured to the associated stigma. This suggests that encouraging a suspect to view an illegal behavior as normative would facilitate admission. The present research examines this idea by testing whether imagining engaging in shameful behavior increases admissions to other illegal and immoral behaviors. A similar effect could be caused by first admitting to less serious crimes

Complementary and Integrative Therapies for the Management of Insomnia in Chronic Disease: An Applied Research Project

One-half of all adults in America have a diagnosis of at least one chronic disease. Up to 80% of people with chronic diseases suffer from insomnia, creating a significant health burden. Healthcare providers (HCPs) do not routinely address insomnia and primarily use pharmaceuticals to manage insomnia. The purpose of this research is to co-create with HCPs an educational artifact that helps them inform their chronically ill patients about evidence-based complementary and integrative therapies (CIT) for insomnia management. Based on a design and development culture of inquiry and research method, we used the literature to create a preliminary educational artifact focused on four evidence-based CIT for insomnia management: aromatherapy, mindfulness meditation, relaxation and breathing techniques, and yoga. These modalities are safe, inexpensive, and accessible from home for individuals with chronic disease. We collected evaluative feedback from a convenience sample of HCPs. The top two factors impacting HCP integration of CIT into practice are lack of reimbursement and time constraints. HCPs support an artifact that addresses affordable, accessible, evidence-based modalities to complement conventional treatments for insomnia management. Since these integrative practices may be unfamiliar to some HCPs, our research confirms that an accessible educational artifact may effectively support the integration of aromatherapy, mindfulness meditation, relaxation and breathing techniques, and yoga into mainstream practices. We conclude our applied research with recommendations for the key components of an educational artifact

Do assumptions about the central density of subhaloes affect dark matter annihilation and lensing calculations?

A growing body of evidence suggests that the central density of cuspy dark matter subhaloes is conserved in minor mergers. However, empirical models of subhalo evolution, calibrated from simulations, often assume a drop in the central density. Since empirical models of subhaloes are used in galaxy-galaxy lensing studies and dark matter annihilation calculations, we explore the consequences of assuming different subhalo models. We find that dark matter annihilation calculations are very sensitive to the assumed subhalo mass profile, and different models can give more than a magnitude difference in the J-factor and boost factor in individual haloes. On the other hand, the shear and convergence profiles used in galaxy-galaxy lensing are sensitive to the initial profile assumed (e.g., NFW versus Einato) but are otherwise well-approximated by a simple model in which the original profile is sharply truncated. We conclude that since the innermost parts of haloes are difficult to resolve in simulations, it is important to have a theoretical understanding of how subhaloes evolve to make accurate predictions of the dark matter annihilation signal.Comment: 15 pages, 13 figures. Submitted to MNRA

Diet of the Myotis Sodalis (Indiana Bat) at an Urban/Rural Interface

We conducted a study of the diet of the federally endangered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) at an urban/rural interface near Indianapolis International Airport in summer 2004. We used two 1-m2quadrats covered with window screening to collect guano under a known roost tree. We then examined 20 fecal pellets/week until the bats abandoned the roost (i.e., 13 weeks). The most common orders of insects eaten were: Lepidoptera (35.3% volume, 84.6% frequency), Diptera (27.9%, 73.2%), Coleoptera (16.9%, 62.9%), and Hymenoptera (10.9%, 45.9%). Components of the diet at the ordinal level varied significantly over time. Despite the developed nature of the site, the diet consisted of the same components reported in earlier studies

Role of arginase 2 in systemic metabolic activity and adipose tissue fatty acid metabolism in diet-induced obese mice

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation and metabolic dysregulation are key components of obesity-induced metabolic disease. Upregulated arginase, a ureahydrolase enzyme with two isoforms (A1-cytosolic and A2-mitochondrial), is implicated in pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes. This study examined A2 involvement in obesity-associated metabolic and vascular disorders. WT and globally deleted A2(−/−) or A1(+/−) mice were fed either a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet or normal diet (ND) for 16 weeks. Increases in body and VAT weight of HFHS-fed WT mice were abrogated in A2−/−, but not A1+/−, mice. Additionally, A2−/− HFHS-fed mice exhibited higher energy expenditure, lower blood glucose, and insulin levels compared to WT HFHS mice. VAT and adipocytes from WT HFHS fed mice showed greater A2 expression and adipocyte size and reduced expression of PGC-1α, PPAR-γ, and adiponectin. A2 deletion blunted these effects, increased levels of active AMPK-α, and upregulated genes involved in fatty acid metabolism. A2 deletion prevented HFHS-induced VAT collagen deposition and inflammation, which are involved in adipocyte metabolic dysfunction. Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, impaired by HFHS diet, was significantly preserved in A2−/− mice, but more prominently maintained in A1+/− mice. In summary, A2 is critically involved in HFHS-induced VAT inflammation and metabolic dysfunction