Organization of the Slavonski Brod Medical center during the 1991-1992 war

Medicinski centar n Slavonskom Brodu bio je za vrijeme rata u Hrvatskoj pošteđen izravnih razaranja i mogao je u relativno mirnim okolnostima obaviti svoje zadatke u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti i u Bolnici bez većih problema. U tome periodu naša Bolnica bila je najveća pozadinska bolnica u Slavoniji u kojoj su se liječili ranjenici s vinkovačke i novogradiške fronte kao i velik broj prognanika i izbjeglica. Rat u Bosni koji počinje u ožujku 1992. godine širi se na cijelu južnu Slavoniju, Bolnicu u Slavonskom Brodu stavlja u neposrednu blizinu fronte. U dosadaš­ njim napadima na zdravstvene objekte i Bolnicu poginula su 4 čovjeka (od čega dva naša radnika) a troje je ranjeno (od čega su također dva naša radnika). Pričinjena je velika materijalna šteta na bolničkim zgradama kao i ambulantama u selima i u gradu. Žrtve rata i dalje svakodnevno stižu u našu ustanovu. Do sada ih je bilo 5 910 (zaključno s 28. kolovozom 1992.) od čega 665 smrtno stradalih i 5 245 ranjenih. To je naravno samo dio žrtava rata u Posavini, jer znatan broj ranjenih i mrtvih nisu prošli kroz našu ustanovu. Medicinski radnici i ostalo osoblje ove ustanove velikim zalaganjem u teškim okolnostima slijede svjetle primjere drugih ustanova u Hrvatskoj koje su bile u sličnim okolnostima za vrijeme rata u Hrvatskoj, znajući daje to ono najviše što mogu dati u ovoj borbi za slobodu svog naroda.Medical tradition in Slavonski Brod is about 300 years old. From the beggining of the 18th century there was in the town Military hospital with pharmacy and mortuary. In the Military hospital civilians were cured as well. After Military Frontier had been abolished Civil hospital was founded. Medical service was organized in so called Medical centre which incorporated all services: primary protection and hospital. The hospital in Slavonski Brod is one of the bigger in Croatia. Before homeland war it contained 800 beds and developed all specialist services. There were modern diagnostics with endoscopic, supersonic vibrations, laboratory, X-rays even computorized tomography services. There were adequate number of experts, too. Out of hospital services are: general medicine, labour medicine, medicine for school children, epidemiology, dentistry and First-aid services. During the homeland war in Croatia, hospital and out-of hospital services didn’t bear remarkable destroying and they could work normally behind the front lines in Slavonia. Hard circumstances began with the outburst of the war in Bosnia in March 1992. From this time on the hospital functions only in cellars and works with half a capacity. About 300 beds is always prompt for the needs of war surgery and Intensive care service. All the services of the Primary health prevention of the Medical centre adapted their work to war conditions. The majority of services worked in reserve departments. In majorty of cases they were situated in cellars of children day-care centres in areas out of enemy’s reach. Out-of-hospital services were dislocated so that they were nearer to possible patients to lessen the risk of wounding and killing them from enemy gun attacks. Although in difficult conditions, medical staff did all that was needed to give full medical care to patients and other inhabitants of our community. In artillery attacks on the Medical centre four people perished (two of them were our workers) and three were wounded (two were our workers, too). There were big damages on hospital buildings and out ofhospital departments in the town and in the countryside. The victims of the war came every day to Medical centre and up to August 28th, 1992, there were 5910 patients of which 665 perished and 5245 wounded. Of the total number of wounded there were 21,3% civilians, and the percentage of deceased civilians was even bigger. In our town more than 75% dead were civilians and even 20 of them were children younger of 15 years. All that is only a partial number of war victims in Posavina because many wounded and perished were not accepted in our Medical centre

Organization of the Slavonski Brod Medical center during the 1991-1992 war

Medicinski centar n Slavonskom Brodu bio je za vrijeme rata u Hrvatskoj pošteđen izravnih razaranja i mogao je u relativno mirnim okolnostima obaviti svoje zadatke u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zaštiti i u Bolnici bez većih problema. U tome periodu naša Bolnica bila je najveća pozadinska bolnica u Slavoniji u kojoj su se liječili ranjenici s vinkovačke i novogradiške fronte kao i velik broj prognanika i izbjeglica. Rat u Bosni koji počinje u ožujku 1992. godine širi se na cijelu južnu Slavoniju, Bolnicu u Slavonskom Brodu stavlja u neposrednu blizinu fronte. U dosadaš­ njim napadima na zdravstvene objekte i Bolnicu poginula su 4 čovjeka (od čega dva naša radnika) a troje je ranjeno (od čega su također dva naša radnika). Pričinjena je velika materijalna šteta na bolničkim zgradama kao i ambulantama u selima i u gradu. Žrtve rata i dalje svakodnevno stižu u našu ustanovu. Do sada ih je bilo 5 910 (zaključno s 28. kolovozom 1992.) od čega 665 smrtno stradalih i 5 245 ranjenih. To je naravno samo dio žrtava rata u Posavini, jer znatan broj ranjenih i mrtvih nisu prošli kroz našu ustanovu. Medicinski radnici i ostalo osoblje ove ustanove velikim zalaganjem u teškim okolnostima slijede svjetle primjere drugih ustanova u Hrvatskoj koje su bile u sličnim okolnostima za vrijeme rata u Hrvatskoj, znajući daje to ono najviše što mogu dati u ovoj borbi za slobodu svog naroda.Medical tradition in Slavonski Brod is about 300 years old. From the beggining of the 18th century there was in the town Military hospital with pharmacy and mortuary. In the Military hospital civilians were cured as well. After Military Frontier had been abolished Civil hospital was founded. Medical service was organized in so called Medical centre which incorporated all services: primary protection and hospital. The hospital in Slavonski Brod is one of the bigger in Croatia. Before homeland war it contained 800 beds and developed all specialist services. There were modern diagnostics with endoscopic, supersonic vibrations, laboratory, X-rays even computorized tomography services. There were adequate number of experts, too. Out of hospital services are: general medicine, labour medicine, medicine for school children, epidemiology, dentistry and First-aid services. During the homeland war in Croatia, hospital and out-of hospital services didn’t bear remarkable destroying and they could work normally behind the front lines in Slavonia. Hard circumstances began with the outburst of the war in Bosnia in March 1992. From this time on the hospital functions only in cellars and works with half a capacity. About 300 beds is always prompt for the needs of war surgery and Intensive care service. All the services of the Primary health prevention of the Medical centre adapted their work to war conditions. The majority of services worked in reserve departments. In majorty of cases they were situated in cellars of children day-care centres in areas out of enemy’s reach. Out-of-hospital services were dislocated so that they were nearer to possible patients to lessen the risk of wounding and killing them from enemy gun attacks. Although in difficult conditions, medical staff did all that was needed to give full medical care to patients and other inhabitants of our community. In artillery attacks on the Medical centre four people perished (two of them were our workers) and three were wounded (two were our workers, too). There were big damages on hospital buildings and out ofhospital departments in the town and in the countryside. The victims of the war came every day to Medical centre and up to August 28th, 1992, there were 5910 patients of which 665 perished and 5245 wounded. Of the total number of wounded there were 21,3% civilians, and the percentage of deceased civilians was even bigger. In our town more than 75% dead were civilians and even 20 of them were children younger of 15 years. All that is only a partial number of war victims in Posavina because many wounded and perished were not accepted in our Medical centre

Croatian shellfisheries aquaculture - advantages and disadvantages

Uzgoj školjkaša uz istočne obale Jadranskog mora, temeljen na višestoljetnoj tradiciji, susreće se s brojnim poteškoćama. Proizvedene količine kamenica i dagnja ne zadovoljavaju ni domaću potražnju povećanu za vrijeme turističke sezone. Mogućnost proizvodnje školjkaša ne zaustavlja se na tradicionalnim vrstama i lokacijama, a povećanje proizvodnje uvjetovano je određivanjem područja pogodnih za uzgoj, razvojem i uvođenjem novih tehnologija, primjenom higijenskih-zdravstvenih i drugih standarda kakvoće.Shellfish aquaculture along eastern Adriatic coast is based on flourishing tradition of couple of centuries and currently is facing numerous problems. The needs of domestic market are high, especially during summer season, and producers are not able to meet consumers\u27 demands. The possibility of shellfish production is influenced by the determination of viable production areas, as well as by development and implementation of new technologies. These have to be in accordance with hygienic-health and other quality standards

BALLAST WATERS: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

This paper analyses the dangerous consequences of contamination of coastal waters by nonindigenous sea species spread by ships ballast waters. It specifically points out that the measures currently recommended to a void the danger are merely palliative and a radical solution is yet to be seen. Furthermore, the impacts of some nonindigenous species that have already been spread, whether accidentally or intentionally, are being outlined as well as a possible approach to the treatment of ships ballast waters. Notwithstanding the actual selection of the treatment treatment of ballast waters still on board ships seems to be imposing itself as the solitary solution with any realistic chances for global success. Finally, a pledge is being made that each coastal country conduct a research on its own species resilience to biocidal treatment and thus contribute in finding a radical solution to this global problem

Epiplanktonske zajednice u južnom Jadranu: višestruke trofičke razine na transektima jug – sjever i obala-otvoreno more

The epiplankton community was investigated during Meduza cruises along south - north and offshore – inshore transects in the middle and southern Adriatic in spring 2002. The diel and vertical distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton pigment composition, micro- and mesozooplankton were assessed. At most stations we observed a thermocline at approximately 20 m and a prominent chlorophyll a peak at about 70 m depth. The integrated phytoplankton and bacterial biomass were lower at the station in the central part of the southern Adriatic, and increased gradually towards middle Adriatic and towards coastal stations. Vertical profiles of both bacterial abundance and production showed a distinct peak in the surface layer. Bacterial abundance was high also in the layer of the deep chlorophyll a maximum. Higher bacterial production was associated with elevated abundance of pico- and nanoplankton feeding zooplankton indicating that bacterial populations were generally controlled by predation.Istraživanje površinskih zajednica planktona obavljena su u proljeće 2002. godine tijekom “Meduza” krstarenja srednjim i južnim Jadranom na transektima “jug-sjever” i “obala-otvoreno more”. Utvrđena je dnevna vertikalna raspodjela heterotrofnih bakterija, sastava pigmenata fitoplanktona, te mikrozooplanktona i mezozooplanktona. Na glavnini postaja nađena je termoklina na oko 20 m i izraženo visoke vrijednosti klorofila a na oko 70 m dubine. Intergrirana bakterijska i fitoplanktonska biomasa bila je manja na središnjoj postaji južnoga Jadrana, a postupno se povećavala prema postajama Palagruža i Jabučka kotlina kao i prema obalnim postajama. Vertikalna raspodjela bakterijske brojnosti i produkcije pokazala je izraziti maksimum u površinskom sloju. Bakterijska brojnost bila je velika u sloju dubokog maksimuma klorofila a. Veća bakterijska produkcija bila je u svezi s povišenom brojnošću zooplanktona koji se hrani piko i nanoplanktonom, što ukazuje da su veličine bakterijskih populacija generalno kontrolirane predacijom

In Situ Manipulation of Vertically Migrating Gelatinous Zooplankton Using Nighttime Blue-Water Scuba in the South-Central Adriatic Sea

Technological advance in undersea exploration (e.g. tethered cameras, remotely operated vehicles [ROVs], Autonomous Underwater Vehicles [AUVsG, and manned submersibles)have opened new windows into diversityand distribution of fragile gelatinous organisms in the vast mesopelagic realm(300 m-1000 m deep). While exstraordinary in expanding our view of its richness, mesopelagic exploration remains largely a look but don\u27t touch environment and this limits of our ability to understand these animals through physical manipulation relevant to the finer scales of the individual organism. We have been conducting a series of in situ observations and manipulations using blue-water SCUBA during the night at a 1, 200 m station centraly located in the southern Adriatic Sea. We report here on a suite of vertically migrating gelatinous animals, including the narcomedusa Solmissus albescens and the physonect siphonophores Forskalia formosa and Agalma elegans, whose ranges extend to the mesopelagic realm during the day, but reach SCUBA diving depths during the night. Our in situ approach combined with proximity to shore exploits the natural vertical migratory behavior of some mesopelagic species, and we therefore add to the widening spectrum of methods needed to evaluate these ecologically important yet difficult to study organisms

Managing the exploitation life of the mining machinery for a limited duration of time

The paper discusses the theoretical concept and illustrates the practical application of models with limited interval based on dynamic programming, suitable for optimization of exploitation life of mining machinery that have a shorter life cycle such as: bulldozers, scrapers, dumpers, excavators equipped by a smaller capacity operating element, as well as some others machinery