ORIGINAL ARTICLE Evaluation of microbiological and sanitary quality of ewe's raw milk in Western of Algeria and detection of antibiotic residue by Delvotest Evaluation of microbiological and sanitary quality of ewe's raw milk in Western of Algeria and det

ABSTRACT In this study, a total of 105 ewe's raw milk of Ouled-Djellal breed were collected from three farms (Oran, Relizane and Mascara) in western of Algeria. They were analyzed for microbiological and physico-chemical characteristics. The pH, titriable acidity, temperatures and detection of antibiotics using the Delvotest were determined. For the study, a questionnaire was filled to collect information about herd sheep characteristics. Microbiological examination involved the estimation of total mesophilic aerobic flora (FAMT), total and fecal coliforms, Enterobacteriacea, fecal Streptococcus, Staphylococcus spp., Sulphite Reducing Clostridia (SRC), Salmonella, Yeast and Lactic Acid Bacteria as well as the prevalence of mastitis infection using California mastitis test. The average values of pH, titrable acidity and temperatures were (6.84, 17.87°D and 36.9°C), (6.66, 18.13 °D and 37.2°C) and (6.68, 18.7°D and 37.6°C) in Oran, Relizane and Mascara farms respectively. The antibiotics residues were found in 4.76% of milk samples. The results revealed that Oran's samples recorded the highest count of FAM

Analysis of Bioactive Aroma Compounds in Essential Oils from Algerian Plants: Implications for Potential Antioxidant Applications

In samples of Artemisia campestris (AC), Artemisia herba-alba (AHA) and Salvia jordanii (SJ) essential oils, up to 200 distinct volatile compounds were identified. Using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–olfactometry–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-O-MS), different panelists detected 52 of these compounds. This study offers the most detailed analysis of bioactive compound profiles conducted so far. The most abundant compounds identified were curcumene, making up 12.96% of AC, and camphor, constituting 21.67% of AHA and 19.15% of SJ. The compounds with the highest odor activity value (OAV) were (E,Z)-2,4-nonadienal (geranium, pungent), 3-nonenal (cucumber) and 2-undecenal (sweet) in AC, AHA and SJ, respectively. AHA essential oil showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50 = 41.73 ± 4.14 mg/g) and hydroxyl radical generation (hydroxylation percentage = 29.62 ± 3.14), as assessed by the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. In terms of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), the strongest antioxidant activity was obtained for SJ essential oil (antioxidant activity of the essential oils, AOX = 337.49 ± 9.87)