Islam in Mali in the neoliberal era

ASC – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde

From the simple reacting sphere kinetic model to the reaction-diffusion system of Maxwell-Stefan type

In this paper we perform a formal asymptotic analysis on a kinetic model for reactive mixtures in order to derive a reaction-diffusion system of Maxwell-Stefan type. More specifically, we start from the kinetic model of simple reacting spheres for a quaternary mixture of monatomic ideal gases that undergoes a reversible chemical reaction of bimolecular type. Then, we consider a scaling describing a physical situation in which mechanical collisions play a dominant role in the evolution process, while chemical reactions are slow, and compute explicitly the production terms associated to the concentration and momentum balance equations for each species in the reactive mixture. Finally, we prove that, under the isothermal assumption, the limit equations for the scaled kinetic model is the reaction diffusion system of Maxwell-Stefan type.B.A. and A.J.S. thank Centro de Matematica da Universidade do Minho, Portugal, and the FCT/Portugal Project UID/MAT/00013/2013. B.A. thanks the FCT/Portugal for the support through the PhD grant PD/BD/128188/2016. P.G. thanks FCT/Portugal for the support through the project UID/MAT/04459/2013 and the French Ministry of Education through the grant ANR (EDNHS). The authors thank the Program Pessoa of Cooperation between Portugal and France with reference 406/4/4/2017/S.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Investigation of giant vacuoles in the inner wall endothelium of Schlemm's canal at physiologic pressure and comparison of the types and size of giant vacuoles in human eyes perfused at 7- and 15-mm Hg using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy

Glaucoma is a disease characterized by elevated intra-ocular pressure and chronic, irreversible loss of vision. The precise mechanism by which outflow resistance is generated remains elusive. We investigated a unique structure called the giant vacuole (GV) in the inner wall endothelium of Schlemm’s canal (SC) that contribute to regulating outflow resistance. This study aimed to: 1) investigate the types and size of GVs in eyes perfused at 7 mmHg (physiological pressure in enucleated eyes) in the inner wall endothelium of SC using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) and subsequent three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of GVs; 2) to compare differences in the types and sizes of GVs in eyes perfused at 7 mmHg with published results in eyes perfused at 15 mm Hg (Swain et al, 2021). Two normal human donor eyes were perfused at 7 mmHg with fluorescent tracers to label the segmental outflow pattern followed by perfusion-fixation. Three radial wedges of tissue including SC from high-, low-, and non-flow areas of each eye based on tracer distribution were processed for SBF-SEM. GVs were counted and typed (Type I: no intracellular pore (I-pore), no basal opening, Type II: no I-pore, present basal opening, Type III: no basal opening, present I-pore, and Type IV: present I-pore and basal opening). 3D reconstruction was performed on a GV subset. A subset of GVs was randomly selected for 3D reconstruction to measure GV volume. GVs in eyes perfused at 7 mmHg were compared with a previous GV study in eyes perfused at 15 mmHg. A similar number of images were analyzed at 7 mmHg (9586 images) and 15 mmHg (9802 images). Statistical analyses were performed using R statistical computing package. There was a greater number of GVs at 15 mmHg (3302 GVs) compared to 7 mmHg (1312 GVs). Type IV GVs were more abundant in the high-flow than non-flow areas at both pressures (P≤0.01). GVs with I-pores were significantly larger than GVs without I-pores in all flow-type areas at both pressures (P≤0.01). GVs with I-pores were similar in volume at both pressures in all GVs and in high- and non-flow areas. However, GVs without I-pores were significantly larger in volume at elevated pressure (P≤0.01). SBF-SEM and 3D reconstruction allowed for accurate identification of GV types and size. Comparing both pressures, the volume of GVs with I-pores were similar, while the volume of GVs without I-pores were larger at elevated pressures. This may indicate a threshold size of GVs for pore formation. GVs with I-pores were significantly larger than GVs without I-pores in all flow-type areas at both pressures suggesting that larger size of GVs is a contributing factor for GV-associated I-pore formation. More Type IV GVs observed in the high-flow areas at both pressures suggest that Type VI GV formation may play a role in regulating segmental outflow and increasing this type of GV may increase the total high-flow area

Improved Upper Limits on Gravitational Wave Emission from NS 1987A in SNR 1987A

We report on a new search for continuous gravitational waves from NS 1987A, the neutron star born in SN 1987A, using open data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's third observing run (O3). The search covered frequencies from 35-1050 Hz, more than five times the band of the only previous gravitational wave search to constrain NS 1987A [B. J. Owen et al., ApJL 935, L7 (2022)]. It used an improved code and coherently integrated from 5.10 days to 14.85 days depending on frequency. No astrophysical signals were detected. By expanding the frequency range and using O3 data, this search improved on strain upper limits from the previous search and was sensitive at the highest frequencies to ellipticities of 1.6e-5 and r-mode amplitudes of 4.4e-4, both an order of magnitude improvement over the previous search and both well within the range of theoretical predictions.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur

Predictive models of carbon capture systems and their validation using bench scale and pilot scale data

Predictive steady-state and dynamic models are essential for optimal design and scale up of CO2 capture processes. The models should be able to predict accurately across all scales and required operating conditions with quantified uncertainty. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Carbon Capture Simulation Initiative (CCSI) process modeling team has been working on the development of a framework to develop such models. This framework is demonstrated on a typical amine-based system which is highly non-ideal and can exhibit large nonlinearities and therefore serves as a nice platform to test the framework. To validate both steady state and dynamic models developed using this framework, the team recently collaborated with the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC) in Wilsonville, AL to obtain both steady-state and dynamic data under widely varying operating conditions. The dynamic test runs were conducted by introducing step changes in the solvent, flue gas, and reboiler steam flowrates and recording the transients of all key variables. The step tests were designed to approximately maintain persistence of excitation in order to provide information across the entire spectrum of data including both high and low frequency information. The measured data include the transient response of all the sensors in the pilot plant including the gas composition sensors. Due to measurement noise and inconsistencies in the sensor data, a dynamic data reconciliation approach is developed to guarantee mass and energy balances. This framework for the development of predictive models is then extended to a non-aqueous solvent that is under development. This solvent can be regenerated at a much higher pressure than the traditional amine solvents and therefore can result in reduced energy penalty for desorption as well as reduction in energy requirement for CO2 compression. However this solvent has much higher viscosity compared to traditional solvents and exhibits significantly different thermodynamic and transport properties resulting in numerous modeling challenges. The steady-state model of this high-viscosity solvent is validated by using the bench scale data

Bacterial populations in different parts of domestic drinking water systems are distinct and adapted to the given ambient temperatures

Drinking water enters buildings with a given microbiological community composition. Within premise plumbing systems, the drinking water is subject to very different conditions and temperatures. Whereas part of the water stays cold, another part is heated to provide hot water. In this study, drinking water samples were taken at different locations in four buildings that had central heating circles and that were equipped with ultrafiltration modules. The latter were intended to keep bacterial numbers low. When studying the increase in bacterial concentrations in these water samples using regrowth tests at different incubation temperatures, a temperature-dependence could be observed. Bacteria in cold water samples propagated best when incubated at 22°C, but often poorly at 36°C and not at all at 50°C. Bacteria in hot water samples showed the reverse behavior and grew best when incubated at 50°C, whereas growth at 22°C was poor or associated with a long growth lag. Water samples from distal taps in periphery locations used for retrieving both cold and hot water showed intermediate growth behaviors. Results suggest the existence of different temperature-adapted bacterial populations within domestic drinking water systems. The finding was supported by sequence data revealing distinct differences in the microbiomes between cold and hot water samples. Abundant bacterial groups in hot water included Deinococci, Kryptonia, Ignavibacteria, Nitrospiria, Gemmatimonadetes and different genera of Gammaproteobacteria. Stagnation of hot water at 50°C, 55°C, or 60°C furthermore shaped the microbiome in different ways indicating that small temperature differences can have a substantial impact on the bacterial communities

Center, periphery: practice

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Vivência de enfermeiros em unidade de terapia intensiva destinada a pacientes com COVID-19: relato de experiência

The aim was to report the performance of nurses in Adult Intensive Care Units at this time of pandemic. This is an experience report, of a descriptive type, with a qualitative approach, based on the experience of nurses, in the current moment of pandemic, in relation to time, the research is delimited from the practices and assistance of these professionals in a Health Unit. Exclusive Intensive Care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19, from February to July 2021. Continuing and continuing education in health is essential for the quality of care provided in the care of patients with SARS-CoV-2. Maintaining a communication relationship between the multidisciplinary teams is very important in view of the experienced scenario. The pandemic scenario has a framework of great challenges for the entire population, referring to nursing professionals, care actions, care practices, training, remodeling of work management. However, the preparation of professionals with knowledge about: the new disease COVID-19, critically ill patients and the use of new technologies is notorious, as well as providing a suitable workplace.Objetivou-se relatar a atuação de enfermeiros de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto neste momento de pandemia. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, do tipo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, baseado na experiência de enfermeiros, no atual momento de pandemia, em relação ao tempo, a pesquisa delimita-se a partir das práticas e assistência destes profissionais em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva exclusiva para pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19, período de fevereiro a julho do ano de 2021. A educação continuada e permanente em saúde é imprescindível para qualidade da assistência prestada no atendimento ao paciente com SARS-CoV-2. Manter entre as equipes multiprofissionais uma relação de comunicação é muito importante diante do cenário experienciado. O cenário pandêmico tem um marco de grandes desafios para toda população, referente aos profissionais de enfermagem, as ações de cuidado, das práticas assistenciais, treinamentos, remodelação da gestão de trabalho. Contudo é notório a preparação dos profissionais com conhecimentos sobre:  a nova doença COVID-19, pacientes críticos e o uso das novas tecnologias como também proporcionar um local de trabalho adequado

Vivência de enfermeiros em unidade de terapia intensiva destinada a pacientes com COVID-19: relato de experiência

The aim was to report the performance of nurses in Adult Intensive Care Units at this time of pandemic. This is an experience report, of a descriptive type, with a qualitative approach, based on the experience of nurses, in the current moment of pandemic, in relation to time, the research is delimited from the practices and assistance of these professionals in a Health Unit. Exclusive Intensive Care for patients diagnosed with COVID-19, from February to July 2021. Continuing and continuing education in health is essential for the quality of care provided in the care of patients with SARS-CoV-2. Maintaining a communication relationship between the multidisciplinary teams is very important in view of the experienced scenario. The pandemic scenario has a framework of great challenges for the entire population, referring to nursing professionals, care actions, care practices, training, remodeling of work management. However, the preparation of professionals with knowledge about: the new disease COVID-19, critically ill patients and the use of new technologies is notorious, as well as providing a suitable workplace.Objetivou-se relatar a atuação de enfermeiros de Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Adulto neste momento de pandemia. Trata-se de um relato de experiência, do tipo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, baseado na experiência de enfermeiros, no atual momento de pandemia, em relação ao tempo, a pesquisa delimita-se a partir das práticas e assistência destes profissionais em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva exclusiva para pacientes diagnosticados com COVID-19, período de fevereiro a julho do ano de 2021. A educação continuada e permanente em saúde é imprescindível para qualidade da assistência prestada no atendimento ao paciente com SARS-CoV-2. Manter entre as equipes multiprofissionais uma relação de comunicação é muito importante diante do cenário experienciado. O cenário pandêmico tem um marco de grandes desafios para toda população, referente aos profissionais de enfermagem, as ações de cuidado, das práticas assistenciais, treinamentos, remodelação da gestão de trabalho. Contudo é notório a preparação dos profissionais com conhecimentos sobre:  a nova doença COVID-19, pacientes críticos e o uso das novas tecnologias como também proporcionar um local de trabalho adequado

Evaluating and Modeling Attribution for Cross-Lingual Question Answering

Trustworthy answer content is abundant in many high-resource languages and is instantly accessible through question answering systems, yet this content can be hard to access for those that do not speak these languages. The leap forward in cross-lingual modeling quality offered by generative language models offers much promise, yet their raw generations often fall short in factuality. To improve trustworthiness in these systems, a promising direction is to attribute the answer to a retrieved source, possibly in a content-rich language different from the query. Our work is the first to study attribution for cross-lingual question answering. First, we collect data in 5 languages to assess the attribution level of a state-of-the-art cross-lingual QA system. To our surprise, we find that a substantial portion of the answers is not attributable to any retrieved passages (up to 50% of answers exactly matching a gold reference) despite the system being able to attend directly to the retrieved text. Second, to address this poor attribution level, we experiment with a wide range of attribution detection techniques. We find that Natural Language Inference models and PaLM 2 fine-tuned on a very small amount of attribution data can accurately detect attribution. Based on these models, we improve the attribution level of a cross-lingual question-answering system. Overall, we show that current academic generative cross-lingual QA systems have substantial shortcomings in attribution and we build tooling to mitigate these issues.Comment: Published as a long paper at EMNLP 202