Being There: Young People Supporting Their Friends through Tough Times

This report documents one of the largest mixed methods studies to date examining informal help support provided by young people to their friends. We report on national survey data (n=169), as well as focus group data with 34 young people aged 16 - 25 who provide support to their friends. Specifically, the study examines the experiences of friends who support friends through tough times by focusing on how they perform this support, what resources young supporters use and have access to, what constrains this support and what they might need to enable the support they provide to their friends and peers. Our findings show the critical work young people are doing as supporters and documents the careful personalised support they offer their friends. Following sector consultations and discussions with young people, we offer key recommendations to ensure young people are resourced and supported in their care practices

VeriGen: A Large Language Model for Verilog Code Generation

In this study, we explore the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate hardware design by generating high-quality Verilog code, a common language for designing and modeling digital systems. We fine-tune pre-existing LLMs on Verilog datasets compiled from GitHub and Verilog textbooks. We evaluate the functional correctness of the generated Verilog code using a specially designed test suite, featuring a custom problem set and testing benches. Here, our fine-tuned open-source CodeGen-16B model outperforms the commercial state-of-the-art GPT-3.5-turbo model with a 1.1% overall increase. Upon testing with a more diverse and complex problem set, we find that the fine-tuned model shows competitive performance against state-of-the-art gpt-3.5-turbo, excelling in certain scenarios. Notably, it demonstrates a 41% improvement in generating syntactically correct Verilog code across various problem categories compared to its pre-trained counterpart, highlighting the potential of smaller, in-house LLMs in hardware design automation.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2212.1114

Facilitating Neuron-Specific Genetic Manipulations in Drosophila melanogaster Using a Split GAL4 Repressor.

Efforts to map neural circuits have been galvanized by the development of genetic technologies that permit the manipulation of targeted sets of neurons in the brains of freely behaving animals. The success of these efforts relies on the experimenter's ability to target arbitrarily small subsets of neurons for manipulation, but such specificity of targeting cannot routinely be achieved using existing methods. In Drosophila melanogaster, a widely-used technique for refined cell type-specific manipulation is the Split GAL4 system, which augments the targeting specificity of the binary GAL4-UAS (Upstream Activating Sequence) system by making GAL4 transcriptional activity contingent upon two enhancers, rather than one. To permit more refined targeting, we introduce here the "Killer Zipper" (KZip+), a suppressor that makes Split GAL4 targeting contingent upon a third enhancer. KZip+ acts by disrupting both the formation and activity of Split GAL4 heterodimers, and we show how this added layer of control can be used to selectively remove unwanted cells from a Split GAL4 expression pattern or to subtract neurons of interest from a pattern to determine their requirement in generating a given phenotype. To facilitate application of the KZip+ technology, we have developed a versatile set of LexAop-KZip+ fly lines that can be used directly with the large number of LexA driver lines with known expression patterns. KZip+ significantly sharpens the precision of neuronal genetic control available in Drosophila and may be extended to other organisms where Split GAL4-like systems are used

Yangian Symmetry at Two Loops for the su(2|1) Sector of N=4 SYM

We present the perturbative Yangian symmetry at next-to-leading order in the su(2|1) sector of planar N=4 SYM. Just like the ordinary symmetry generators, the bi-local Yangian charges receive corrections acting on several neighboring sites. We confirm that the bi-local Yangian charges satisfy the necessary conditions: they transform in the adjoint of su(2|1), they commute with the dilatation generator, and they satisfy the Serre relations. This proves that the sector is integrable at two loops.Comment: 13 pages, v2: minor correction

Evaluating the suitability of multi-scale terrain attribute calculation approaches for seabed mapping applications

The scale dependence of benthic terrain attributes is well-accepted, and multi-scale methods are increasingly applied for benthic habitat mapping. There are, however, multiple ways to calculate terrain attributes at multiple scales, and the suitability of these approaches depends on the purpose of the analysis and data characteristics. There are currently few guidelines establishing the appropriateness of multi-scale raster calculation approaches for specific benthic habitat mapping applications. First, we identify three common purposes for calculating terrain attributes at multiple scales for benthic habitat mapping: (i) characterizing scale-specific terrain features, (ii) reducing data artefacts and errors, and (iii) reducing the mischaracterization of ground-truth data due to inaccurate sample positioning. We then define criteria that calculation approaches should fulfill to address these purposes. At two study sites, five raster terrain attributes, including measures of orientation, relative position, terrain variability, slope, and rugosity were calculated at multiple scales using four approaches to compare the suitability of the approaches for these three purposes. Results suggested that specific calculation approaches were better suited to certain tasks. A transferable parameter, termed the ‘analysis distance’, was necessary to compare attributes calculated using different approaches, and we emphasize the utility of such a parameter for facilitating the generalized comparison of terrain attributes across methods, sites, and scales

Faculty Composers: Laurence Sherr, Jennifer Mitchell and Drew Dolan

Kennesaw State University School of Music presents Faculty Composers: Laurence Sherr, Jennifer Mitchell and Drew Dolanhttps://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/musicprograms/1551/thumbnail.jp

On Symmetry Enhancement in the psu(1,1|2) Sector of N=4 SYM

Strong evidence indicates that the spectrum of planar anomalous dimensions of N=4 super Yang-Mills theory is given asymptotically by Bethe equations. A curious observation is that the Bethe equations for the psu(1,1|2) subsector lead to very large degeneracies of 2^M multiplets, which apparently do not follow from conventional integrable structures. In this article, we explain such degeneracies by constructing suitable conserved nonlocal generators acting on the spin chain. We propose that they generate a subalgebra of the loop algebra for the su(2) automorphism of psu(1,1|2). Then the degenerate multiplets of size 2^M transform in irreducible tensor products of M two-dimensional evaluation representations of the loop algebra.Comment: 35 pages, v2: references added, sign inconsistency resolved in (5.5,5.6), v3: Section 3.4 on Hamiltonian added, minor improvements, to appear in JHE

Would you choose to be happy? Tradeoffs between happiness and the other dimensions of life in a large population survey

A large literature documents the determinants of happiness. But is happiness all that people want from life; and if so, what type of happiness matters to them? Or are they willing to sacrifice happiness (however it is defined) for other attributes in their lives? We show direct evidence that individuals trade-off levels of happiness with levels of income, physical health, family, career success and education in a large sample of UK and US individuals. On average, all types of happiness are preferred to other attributes except health. People prefer affective happiness (feeling good) over evaluative (life satisfaction) and eudaimonic (worthwhileness) components. This result is robust to methodological innovations, such as the use of vignettes and judgements of the lives described

Serendipitous Geodesy from Bennu's Short-Lived Moonlets

The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security-Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx; or OREx) spacecraft arrived at its target, near-Earth asteroid (101955) Bennu, on December 3, 2018. The OSIRIS-REx spacecraft has since collected a wealth of scientific information in order to select a suitable site for sampling. Shortly after insertion into orbit on December 31, 2018, particles were identified in starfield images taken by the navigation camera (NavCam 1). Several groups within the OSlRlS-REx team analyzed the particle data in an effort to better understand this newfound activity of Bennu and to investigate the potential sensitivity of the particles to Bennu's geophysical parameters. A number of particles were identified through automatic and manual methods in multiple images, which could be turned into short sequences of optical tracking observations. Here, we discuss the precision orbit determination (OD) effort focused on these particles at NASA GSFC, which involved members of the Independent Navigation Team (INT) in particular. The particle data are combined with other OSIRIS-REx tracking data (radiometric from OSN and optical landmark data) using the NASA GSFC GEODYN orbit determination and geodetic parameter estimation software. We present the results of our study, particularly those pertaining to the gravity field of Bennu. We describe the force modeling improvements made to GEODYN specifically for this work, e.g., with a raytracing-based modeling of solar radiation pressure. The short-lived, low-flying moonlets enable us to determine a gravity field model up to a relatively high degree and order: at least degree 6 without constraints, and up to degree 10 when applying Kaula-like regularization. We can backward- and forward-integrate the trajectory of these particles to the ejection and landing sites on Bennu. We assess the recovered field by its impact on the OSIRIS-REx trajectory reconstruction and prediction quality in the various mission phases (e.g., Orbital A, Detailed Survey, and Orbital B)

Two-loop Integrability of Planar N=6 Superconformal Chern-Simons Theory

Bethe ansatz equations have been proposed for the asymptotic spectral problem of AdS_4/CFT_3. This proposal assumes integrability, but the previous verification of weak-coupling integrability covered only the su(4) sector of the ABJM gauge theory. Here we derive the complete planar two-loop dilatation generator of N=6 superconformal Chern-Simons theory from osp(6|4) superconformal symmetry. For the osp(4|2) sector, we prove integrability through a Yangian construction. We argue that integrability extends to the full planar two-loop dilatation generator, confirming the applicability of the Bethe equations at weak coupling. Further confirmation follows from an analytic computation of the two-loop twist-one spectrum.Comment: 45 pages, v2: typos in (D.9) fixed, reference added, many small change