34 research outputs found
NK Cell Terminal Differentiation: Correlated Stepwise Decrease of NKG2A and Acquisition of KIRs
BACKGROUND: Terminal differentiation of NK cells is crucial in maintaining broad responsiveness to pathogens and discriminating normal cells from cells in distress. Although it is well established that KIRs, in conjunction with NKG2A, play a major role in the NK cell education that determines whether cells will end up competent or hyporesponsive, the events underlying the differentiation are still debated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A combination of complementary approaches to assess the kinetics of the appearance of each subset during development allowed us to obtain new insights into these terminal stages of differentiation, characterising their gene expression profiles at a pan-genomic level, their distinct surface receptor patterns and their prototypic effector functions. The present study supports the hypothesis that CD56dim cells derive from the CD56bright subset and suggests that NK cell responsiveness is determined by persistent inhibitory signals received during their education. We report here the inverse correlation of NKG2A expression with KIR expression and explore whether this correlation bestows functional competence on NK cells. We show that CD56dimNKG2A-KIR+ cells display the most differentiated phenotype associated to their unique ability to respond against HLA-E+ target cells. Importantly, after IL-12+IL-18 stimulation, reacquisition of NKG2A strongly correlates with IFN-gamma production in CD56dimNKG2A- NK cells. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Together, these findings call for the reclassification of mature human NK cells into distinct subsets and support a new model, in which the NK cell differentiation and functional fate are based on a stepwise decrease of NKG2A and acquisition of KIRs
Influence de la réponse lymphocytaire T CD8 spécifque du HIV-1 sur le réservoir viral cellulaire
Chez certains patients (Long Term Non Progressors) infectés par le virus de l immunodéficience (HIV), un état d équilibre stable à long terme avec le virus peut être observé. Cet équilibre est souvent associé à de fortes réponses antivirales optimales, médiées par les lymphocytes T CD8 (LT CD8) anti-HIV-1, particulièrement chez les patients ayant un polymorphisme, B*27 et/ou B*57 (B27/57+) du HLA-B. Chez les patients B27, de telles réponses sont associées à des niveaux de réservoir HIV-1 faibles. Nous avons dans un premier temps caractérisé la distribution du réservoir viral parmi les différentes sous-populations de lymphocytes T CD4 (LT CD4) chez des patients LTNPs B27/57+ et B27/57-. Une caractéristique majeure et unique différencie ces deux groupes : un réservoir viral dans les LT CD4 Centrales Mémoires (TCM) significativement plus faible chez les LTNPs B27/57+. Ce réservoir apparaît d autant plus faible que la réponse antivirale LT CD8 est importante et associée à la préservation de la taille du pool de TCM. Nous avons également rapporté que chez des singes Rhésus macaques infectés, développant de forte réponses antivirales, la polyfonctionnalité des LT CD8 était principalement associée à une plus faible fréquence d infection des TCM. Ces résultats mettent en avant, chez les patients, l impact de l amplitude et de la qualité des réponses anti-HIV médiées par les LT CD8 sur la distribution du réservoir viral. Nos observations suggèrent que dans ce contexte, les TCM pourraient s accumuler sans s infecter, conduisant ainsi chez les patients B27/57+ à leur très faible contribution au réservoir viral total hébergé par les LT CD4.PARIS-BIUSJ-Biologie recherche (751052107) / SudocSudocFranceF
Phosphorylation of SAMHD1 by Cyclin A2/CDK1 Regulates Its Restriction Activity toward HIV-1
SummarySAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 replication in myeloid and quiescent CD4+ T cells. Here, we show that SAMHD1 restriction activity is regulated by phosphorylation. SAMHD1 interacts with cyclin A2/cdk1 only in cycling cells. Cyclin A2/CDK1 phosphorylates SAMHD1 at the Threonine 592 residue both in vitro and in vivo. Phosphorylation of SAMHD1 Thr592 correlates with loss of its ability to restrict HIV-1. Indeed, while PMA treatment of proliferating THP1 cells results in reduced Thr592 phosphorylation, activation of resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and purified quiescent CD4+ T cells results in increased phosphorylation of SAMHD1 Thr592. Interestingly, we found that treatment of cells by type 1 interferon reduced Thr592 phosphorylation, reinforcing the link between the phosphorylation of SAMHD1 and its antiviral activity. Unlike wild-type SAMHD1, a phosphorylation-defective mutant was able to restrict HIV-1 replication in both PMA-treated and untreated cells. Our results uncover the phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at Thr592 by cyclin A2/CDK1 as a key regulatory mechanism of its antiviral activity
