Light Verbs are Just Regular Verbs

Light verbs constructions like *give a sigh* and *take a shower* have always been analyzed as involving a process of complex predicate formation, where the verb and its complement combine to form a single predicate. In contrast, I argue that light verb constructions are just regular verb-complement combinations. The verb has its usual argument structure and interpretation (which is often quite unspecified), while its complement has the same interpretation it has elsewhere. We only need two things to account for light verb constructions: the fact that NPs can be eventive; and control into NPs. Both of these are needed anyway, outside of light verb constructions. We can therefore dispense with *light verb* as a grammatical category, and do without processes of complex predicate formation in our models of grammar

Selectional Asymmetries between CP and DP Suggest that the DP Hypothesis is Wrong

The primary motivation for the DP Hypothesis has been a claimed parallel with the clausal domain, where functional projections (at least IP and CP) dominate the lexical projection of the verb. However, the claimed parallels are not real. Verbs that select for clausal complements only select things that are high in the clause, plausibly on C (questions vs. declaratives, finite vs. non-finite, etc.); they never select V. In contrast, verbs that select for nominal arguments only select for N, and never for the functional elements like D. In form selection, each head in the clausal domain determines the form of the head of its complement. In contrast, within nominals, it is N that determines the form of everything else. These asymmetries indicate that the head of the clause is C, but the head of the nominal is not D, it is N. A review of other arguments that have been given for the DP Hypothesis indicates that none of them are compelling

Nutrient Loading Reduction In A Tile Drained Agricultural Watershed Through Watershed-Scale Cover Cropping: A High Resolution Analysis

Nutrient pollution originating from agricultural regions in the Midwest is a serious issue, leading to pollution of drinking water sources as well as large hypoxic zones in the Gulf of Mexico. The source of much of this contamination has been shown to be runoff from agricultural fields in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. One method that has been shown to reduce this pollution from the Upper Mississippi River Basin is the planting of winter cover crops. Winter cover crops such as rye and tillage radish have been shown to significantly reduce nitrate exported from agricultural fields, even in tile-drained watersheds that are resistant to other nitrate management methods such as riparian zones. However, most studies take place in small agricultural study fields, where planting and fertilization is tightly controlled. There is also a lack of studies looking at the effectiveness of cover cropping in reducing phosphorus export. In this study, we looked at the effectiveness of winter cover crops in reducing nitrate and total phosphorus (TP) loading from tile- drained agricultural watersheds in Central Illinois. We compared nitrate loading from two agricultural watersheds that were 445 ha and 312 ha, one of which was 54% planted with cover crops in fall 2015 and fall 2016 while the other was left fallow. We used discharge probes and automatic sampling systems to capture high temporal resolution discharge and concentration data from tile drains draining each watershed, and using these measurements we compared nitrate and TP loading. We found no noticeable pattern of nitrate or TP reduction in spring 2016, despite that period having the greatest total cover crop biomass. However, in the fall 2016 cover cropping period, there was a pattern of reduced nitrate loading at our treatment site relative to the loading at our reference site. This appears to be due to a statistically significant (p=5.045x10-9)reduction in discharge at the treatment site relative to the reference site during the fall 2016 cover cropping period. Nitrate loading reduction was particularly strong during periods of storm flow. The effects of cover cropping in fall 2016 were more mixed when it came to TP loading. There was a lesser percentage of TP that occurred during storm events at our treatment site during this period, but there was not a significant change (p=.0522) in TP loading relative to the reference site when incorporating baseflow. Further data is needed to define the TP loading patterns, and to more solidly establish the pattern of nitrate loading reduction

Syntax at the edge: cross-clausal phenomena and the syntax of passamaquoddy

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2001.Includes bibliographical references (p. 307-319).by Benjamin Bruening.Ph.D

Wh-Conditionals in Vietnamese and Chinese: Against Unselective Binding

N/

Linear effects in ATB movement

Munn (2001), Citko (2005), and others argue that in ATB movement initial and non-initial gaps exhibit asymmetries in reconstruction effects and weak crossover: only the initial ATB gap shows reconstruction and weak crossover. Munn argues that these asymmetries are due to the nature of the gap: the initial ATB gap is a real gap, while non-initial gaps are parasitic gaps. Parasitic gaps are generally claimed to show no reconstruction or weak crossover (e.g., Nissenbaum 2000). We re-examine reconstruction in ATB movement and parasitic gap constructions and show that in most cases the putative asymmetries between gaps are not real, and when there is an asymmetry it is due to linear order and not to the nature of the gap. We conclude that both ATB movement and parasitic gap constructions involve full copies in all gaps