Resultados principales del análisis de la situación de las prácticas pre-profesionales de los estudiantes de la Diplomatura en Trabajo Social, de las dificultades existentes y de sus causas en la Universidad de Alicante

En el IV Congreso de Escuelas de Trabajo Social, celebrado en 2002 en Alicante, se presentó el diseño de la investigación "Análisis de la situación de las prácticas pre-profesionales de los estudiantes de la Diplomatura en Trabajo Social, de las dificultades existentes y de sus causas", en ese momento en curso en la Escuela de Alicante, con el apoyo económico del Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación (período 2000-2002). El objetivo genérico del proyecto de investigación era conocer, de forma rigurosa, y analizar el proceso de paso y transformación de los conocimientos teóricos en habilidades prácticas de los estudiantes de trabajo Social, mediante la supervisión de campo, así como el estudio de las alternativas posibles de mejora. A partir de un enfoque cuantitativo y cualitativo, se investigó la información obtenida de nuestras tres unidades de estudio (los profesionales que supervisan estudiantes, el alumnado y el profesorado) en aspectos tales como las condiciones actuales en que se realiza la supervisión de campo, la representación mental de la supervisión, la metodología y técnicas utilizadas, junto con las limitaciones y dificultades existentes en su desarrollo como instancia pedagógica complementaria de la docencia universitaria. Con esta comunicación, sepretende dar cuenta de los principales resultados obtenidos, en términos de verificación o refutación de las hipótesis formuladas en el proyecto siguiendo una lógica confirmatoria, y de las nueva hipótesis nacidas del contacto con los datos a partir de una lógica exploratoria. Del mismo modo, pretendemos señalar las implicaciones que estos resultados tienen para la práctica y las propuestas de mejora que nacen de ellas.In the IV Congress of Schools of Social Work, celebrated in 2002 in Alicante, we presented a paper about the design of the research project called “Analysis of the situation of the pre-professional practice of the students of the Diploma in Social Work, the existing difficulties and their causes”, then in course in the School of Alicante, with the economic support of the Institute of Sciences of the Education (period 2000-2002). The generic aim of the research project was to know, in a rigorous way, and to analyze the process of transformation of the theoretical knowledge in practical abilities of the students of Social Work, by means of the supervision of the field practice, as well as the study of the possible alternatives of improvement. From a quantitative and qualitative approach, we investigated the obtained data of our three units of study (the supervisors, the students and the teaching staff), in aspects such as the present conditions in that the supervision of field practice occurs, the mental representation of the supervision, the methodology and techniques used by supervisors, along with the existing limitations and difficulties in its development like complementary pedagogical instance of university teaching. This paper give account of the main results of the research, in terms of verification or refutation of the hypotheses formulated in the project following a confirmatory logic, and of the new hypotheses that have been born from the contact with the data, following now an exploratory logic. In the same way, we try to indicate the implications that these results have for the practice and the proposals of improvement that are born of the

Ala397Asp Mutation of Myosin VIIA Segregating in a Spanish Family with Usher Syndrome Type Ib

[EN] In the current study, 12 Spanish families affected by type-I Usher syndrome, that was previously linked to chromosome 11q, were screened for the presence of mutations in the N-terminal coding portion of the motor domain of the myosin VIIA gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis of the first 14 exons. A mutation (Ala397Asp) segregating with the disease was identified, and several polymorphisms were also detected. It is presumed that the other USH1B mutations in these families could be located in the unscreened regions of the gene.The authors would like to thank the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (FISS n0 95/1814), the ONCE and the Fundación ONCE for financial support. We acknowledge patients and their family members, as well as the Asociación de retinosis pigmentaria de la Comunidad Valenciana and the FAARPEE, for their help and cooperation.Espinós-Armero, CÁ.; Millán, JM.; Sánchez, F.; Beneyto, M.; Nájera, C. (1998). Ala397Asp Mutation of Myosin VIIA Segregating in a Spanish Family with Usher Syndrome Type Ib. Human Genetics. 102(6):691-694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004390050763691694102

Implementación de metodologías de evaluación continua: aplicación en la asignatura de Cálculo Numérico

La creación del nuevo Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, con los consiguientes cambios en la estructura y contenidos de las titulaciones universitarias, ofrece una gran oportunidad para revisar las metodologías de aprendizaje, estando las metodologías de evaluación continua en una creciente expansión. El objetivo de este trabajo es investigar el efecto que tiene en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes diferentes metodologías de evaluación continua. Para ello, varios tipos de evaluación periódica (entrega de trabajos grupales y/o individuales, exámenes parciales, etc.) han sido puestos en práctica en la asignatura de Cálculo Numérico del último curso de la Licenciatura de Matemáticas y actual Grado de Matemáticas, a lo largo de un total de 14 años académicos en la Universidad de Alicante. En esta comunicación presentaremos las diferentes estrategias de desarrollo de los contenidos de la asignatura así como la forma de evaluación de los mismos. Además, se hará un análisis descriptivo de los resultados obtenidos con las distintas metodologías empleadas y se recogerán propuestas de mejora de cara al próximo curso

Understanding the discriminant factors that influence the adoption and use of clinical communities of practice : the ECOPIH case

The aim of the study presented in this article is to analyse the discriminant factors that have an influence on the use of communities of practice by primary and specialist healthcare professionals (physicians and nurses) for information sharing. Obtaining evidence from an ex-ante analysis to determine what factors explain healthcare professionals' clinical community of practice use allows aspects of its use to be identified. A theoretical model based on a modified technology acceptance model was used as the analysis tool, and a discriminant analysis was performed. An ad-hoc questionnaire was designed and sent to a study population of 357 professionals from the Badalona-Sant Adrià de Besòs Primary Care Service in Catalonia, Spain, which includes nine primary care centres and three specialist care centres. The study sample was formed by the 166 healthcare professionals who responded. The results revealed three main drivers for engagement in a CoP: First, for the whole sample, perceived usefulness for reducing costs associated with clinical practice was the factor with the greatest discriminant power that distinguished between users and non-users, followed by perceived usefulness for improving clinical practice quality, and lastly habitual social media website and application use. Turning to the two sub-samples of healthcare professions (physicians and nurses, respectively), we saw that the usefulness stemming from community of practice use changed. There were differences in the levels of motivation of healthcare professionals with regards to their engagement with CoP. While perceived usefulness for reducing costs associated with clinical practice was the main factor for the physicians, perceived usefulness of the Web 2.0 platform use for communication for improving clinical practice quality and perceived ease of use were the main factors for the nurses. In the context of communities of practice, the perception of usefulness of Web 2.0 platform use for communication is determined by organisational, technological and social factors. Specifically, the position that professionals have within the healthcare structure and particularly the closer healthcare professionals' activity is to patients and their professional experience of using social networks and ICTs are crucial to explaining the use of such platforms. Public policies promoting Web 2.0 platform use for communication should therefore go beyond the purely technological dimension and consider other professional and social determinants

El proceso de supervisión de campo en el punto de mira: una investigación a tres en Trabajo Social

La presente investigación tiene su origen en la preocupación y la iniciativa de un grupo de profesionales vinculados a la formación de estudiantes de Trabajo Social, por tanto colaboradores en un proceso de trabajo en el que el aprendizaje es el eje central de la actividad. Dicha iniciativa se articuló a partir del curso de postgrado, "La supervisión en su vertiente teórica y práctica" (de septiembre de 1999 a enero de 2000), organizado por la Escuela de Trabajo Social. Como resultado del curso, se constituyó un grupo de trabajo integrado por una profesora del Departamento de Trabajo Social y Servicios Sociales, por una de las formadoras del curso y por supervisores de campo que desarrollaban su actividad profesional en instituciones públicas y organizaciones privadas prestadoras de servicios sociales. El objeto central de ese grupo de trabajo fue, por una parte, el de sistematizar un proceso de supervisión revisando, desde las experiencias de cada uno de los miembros del grupo, los métodos y procesos de supervisión utilizados hasta ahora. Por otra parte, pretendía unificar una metodología básica de supervisión común a todos los miembros del grupo, fundamentada en la supervisión a tres: • Tutor (profesor responsable de las prácticas de los alumnos que realizan prácticas preprofesionales en centros con profesionales). • Estudiante (los/as alumnos/as de segundo y tercer curso que realizan sus prácticas en centros con profesionales). • Supervisor/a (trabajadores sociales en activo que asumen uno o varios estudiantes de segundo y/o tercer curso y se responsabilizan de las actuaciones que éstos llevan a cabo en su centro de trabajo). La experiencia de este grupo de trabajo se llevó a cabo de febrero a mayo de 2000 y contó con el apoyo institucional de la dirección de la Escuela de Trabajo Social de Alicante y de la dirección del Departamento de Trabajo Social y Servicios Sociales, siendo la universidad el espacio de trabajo.Investigación financiada por la Convocatoria de Ayudas a Proyectos de Investigación sobre la Enseñanza de Materias Específicas en la Universidad de Alicante (Instituto de Ciencias de la Educación. Cursos 2000/2001 y 2001/2002)

Therapeutic education and functional readaptation in obese patients on a waiting list for total knee replacement. A case-control study

Background Studies show patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) on waiting list for total knee replacement (TKR) underused conservative treatment, did not adhere to clinical guidelines on knee OA management, and potentially had earlier surgery and a higher risk of revisions. Therapeutic education and functional readaptation (TEFR) plus conventional therapy in waiting list patients improved function and adherence. TKR patients are often obese, negatively influencing TKR results, many patients are dissatisfied after TKR, and around 14% of TKR are inappropriate..

Biological and chemical factors controlling the patchy distribution of soil water repellency among plant species in a Mediterranean semiarid forest

Natural soil water repellency is a property that has already been observed in forest soils and is characterized by its patchy distribution. There are many factors involved in its development. In this work, we have studied a large number of chemical and biological factors under the influence of different plant species (. Pinus halepensis, Quercus rotundifolia, Cistus albidus and Rosmarinus officinalis) to learn which has the greatest responsibility for its presence and persistence in the top-soil layer. We observed strong and significant correlations between ergosterol, glomalin related soil protein (GRSP), extractable lipids, soil organic matter (SOM) content and water repellency (WR). Our results suggested lipid fraction as the principal factor. Moreover, apart from Pinus, fungal biomass seems to be also related to the SOM content. Soil WR found under Pinus appears to be the most influenced by fungi. Quality of SOM, to be precise, lipid fraction could be responsible for WR and its relationship with fungal activity.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad CGL2010- 21670-C02-01, CGL2012-38655-C04-0

Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation Improves Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy with Improved Valsalva Ratio as the Most Precocious Test

[EN] Background. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation is a proven option of treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and related end-stage renal disease. There is discrepancy between the results of different studies about the impact of prolonged normalization of glucose metabolism achieved by SPK on the course of diabetic complications including severe forms of diabetic neuropathy. The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in patients undergoing SPK transplantation and its evolution 10 years after transplantation. Methods. Prospective study of 81 patients transplanted in a single center from year 2002 to 2015. Autonomic function was assessed using cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests (CARTs). CARTs were made before SPK transplantation and during the follow-up. Evolution of tests after SPK transplantation was evaluated by contrasting hypotheses (paired tests). Multiple testing was adjusted with the Benjamini-Hochberg procedure with a false discovery rate of 10%. Results. 48 males and 33 females, mean age 37.4 +/- 5.7 years, mean BMI 24.0 +/- 3.4 kg/m2, and mean duration of diabetes 25.5 +/- 6.5 years, received SPK transplantation. Ten years after SPK transplantation, 56 patients re tained the pancreatic graft (42 of them with normofunctioning pancreas and 14 with low doses of insulin therapy). These 42 patients were selected for the autonomic study. Before transplant procedure, all CART results were abnormal. After SPK transplantation, paired test analysis showed an improvement of systolic blood pressure (SBP) response to orthostasis at the 5(th) year after SPK (p=0.03), as well as improvement of the Valsalva ratio at the 3(rd) (p<0.001) and 5(th) (p=0.001) year after SPK. After correcting for the false discovery rate, all the variables of autonomic study reached significance at different time points. Conclusions. Prevalence of CAN in patients who are candidates for SPK transplantation is high and is generally advanced. SPK transplantation improves CAN with improved Valsalva ratio as the most precocious test.Argente-Pla, M.; Pérez-Lázaro, A.; Martinez-Millana, A.; Del Olmo-García, MI.; Espí-Reig, J.; Beneyto-Castello, I.; López-Andújar, R.... (2020). Simultaneous Pancreas Kidney Transplantation Improves Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy with Improved Valsalva Ratio as the Most Precocious Test. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2020:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7574628S1102020Freeman, R. (2014). Diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 63-79. doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53480-4.00006-0Maser, R. E., Mitchell, B. D., Vinik, A. I., & Freeman, R. (2003). The Association Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 26(6), 1895-1901. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.6.1895Dimitropoulos, G. (2014). 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L., … Herman, W. H. (2009). Effects of Prior Intensive Insulin Therapy on Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Function in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation, 119(22), 2886-2893. doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.837369Maser, R. E., Lenhard, J. M., & DeCherney, S. G. (2000). Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy. The Endocrinologist, 10(1), 27-33. doi:10.1097/00019616-200010010-00006Vinik, A. I., Erbas, T., & Casellini, C. M. (2013). Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy, inflammation and cardiovascular disease. Journal of Diabetes Investigation, 4(1), 4-18. doi:10.1111/jdi.12042Ewing, D. J., Campbell, I. W., Murray, A., Neilson, J. M., & Clarke, B. F. (1978). Immediate heart-rate response to standing: simple test for autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. BMJ, 1(6106), 145-147. doi:10.1136/bmj.1.6106.145In This Issue of Diabetes Care. (2019). Diabetes Care, 43(1), 1-2. doi:10.2337/dc20-ti01Gremizzi, C., Vergani, A., Paloschi, V., & Secchi, A. (2010). Impact of pancreas transplantation on type 1 diabetes-related complications. Current Opinion in Organ Transplantation, 15(1), 119-123. doi:10.1097/mot.0b013e32833552bcKennedy, W. R., Navarro, X., Goetz, F. C., Sutherland, D. E. R., & Najarian, J. S. (1990). Effects of Pancreatic Transplantation on Diabetic Neuropathy. New England Journal of Medicine, 322(15), 1031-1037. doi:10.1056/nejm199004123221503Bouček, P., Bartoš, V., Vaněk, I., Hýža, Z., & Skibová, J. (1991). Diabetic autonomic neuropathy after pancreas and kidney transplantation. Diabetologia, 34(S1), S121-S124. doi:10.1007/bf00587636Navarro, X., Sutherland, D. E. R., & Kennedy, W. R. (1997). Long-term effects of pancreatic transplantation on diabetic neuropathy. Annals of Neurology, 42(5), 727-736. doi:10.1002/ana.410420509Solders, G., Tyden, G., Persson, A., & Groth, C.-G. (1992). Improvement of Nerve Conduction in Diabetic Neuropathy: A Follow-up Study 4 Yr After Combined Pancreatic and Renal Transplantation. Diabetes, 41(8), 946-951. doi:10.2337/diab.41.8.946Argente-Pla, M., Martínez-Millana, A., Del Olmo-García, M. I., Espí-Reig, J., Pérez-Rojas, J., Traver-Salcedo, V., & Merino-Torres, J. F. (2019). Autoimmune Diabetes Recurrence After Pancreas Transplantation: Diagnosis, Management, and Literature Review. Annals of Transplantation, 24, 608-616. doi:10.12659/aot.920106Sundkvist, G., & Lilja, B. (1985). Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus: A Follow-up Study. Diabetes Care, 8(2), 129-133. doi:10.2337/diacare.8.2.129Boulton, A. J. M., Vinik, A. I., Arezzo, J. C., Bril, V., Feldman, E. L., Freeman, R., … Ziegler, D. (2005). Diabetic Neuropathies: A statement by the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care, 28(4), 956-962. doi:10.2337/diacare.28.4.956Ewing, D. J., Martyn, C. N., Young, R. J., & Clarke, B. F. (1985). The Value of Cardiovascular Autonomic Function Tests: 10 Years Experience in Diabetes. Diabetes Care, 8(5), 491-498. doi:10.2337/diacare.8.5.491Spallone, V., Bellavere, F., Scionti, L., Maule, S., Quadri, R., Bax, G., … Morganti, R. (2011). Recommendations for the use of cardiovascular tests in diagnosing diabetic autonomic neuropathy☆. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases, 21(1), 69-78. doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2010.07.005Agashe, S., & Petak, S. (2018). Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus. Methodist DeBakey Cardiovascular Journal, 14(4), 251. doi:10.14797/mdcj-14-4-251Valensi, P., Pariès, J., & Attali, J. . (2003). Cardiac autonomic neuropathy in diabetic patients: influence of diabetes duration, obesity, and microangiopathic complications—the french multicenter study. Metabolism, 52(7), 815-820. doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(03)00095-7Tesfaye, S., Boulton, A. J. M., Dyck, P. J., Freeman, R., Horowitz, M., … Kempler, P. (2010). Diabetic Neuropathies: Update on Definitions, Diagnostic Criteria, Estimation of Severity, and Treatments. Diabetes Care, 33(10), 2285-2293. doi:10.2337/dc10-1303Benjamini, Y., & Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Methodological), 57(1), 289-300. doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.xAdler, G. K., Bonyhay, I., Failing, H., Waring, E., Dotson, S., & Freeman, R. (2008). Antecedent Hypoglycemia Impairs Autonomic Cardiovascular Function: Implications for Rigorous Glycemic Control. Diabetes, 58(2), 360-366. doi:10.2337/db08-1153HATHAWAY, D. K., ABELL, T., CARDOSO, S., HARTWIG, M. S., GEBELY, S. E., & Gaber, A. O. (1994). IMPROVEMENT IN AUTONOMIC AND GASTRIC FUNCTION FOLLOWING PANCREAS-KIDNEY VERSUS KIDNEY-ALONE TRANSPLANTATION AND THE CORRELATION WITH QUALITY OF LIFE1,2. Transplantation, 57(6), 816-822. doi:10.1097/00007890-199403270-00008Arnold, R., Pussell, B. A., Pianta, T. J., Lin, C. S.-Y., Kiernan, M. C., & Krishnan, A. V. (2013). Association Between Calcineurin Inhibitor Treatment and Peripheral Nerve Dysfunction in Renal Transplant Recipients. American Journal of Transplantation, 13(9), 2426-2432. doi:10.1111/ajt.12324Vinik, A. I., Maser, R. E., Mitchell, B. D., & Freeman, R. (2003). Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy. Diabetes Care, 26(5), 1553-1579. doi:10.2337/diacare.26.5.1553Suarez, G. A. (2005). Sudden cardiac death in diabetes mellitus: risk factors in the Rochester diabetic neuropathy study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry, 76(2), 240-245. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2004.039339Dinh, W., Füth, R., Lankisch, M., Bansemir, L., Nickl, W., Scheffold, T., … Ziegler, D. (2010). Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy contributes to left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in subjects with Type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance undergoing coronary angiography. Diabetic Medicine, no-no. doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2010.03221.xWackers, F. J. T., Young, L. H., Inzucchi, S. E., Chyun, D. A., Davey, J. A., Barrett, E. J., … Iskandrian, A. E. (2004). Detection of Silent Myocardial Ischemia in Asymptomatic Diabetic Subjects: The DIAD study. Diabetes Care, 27(8), 1954-1961. doi:10.2337/diacare.27.8.1954Astrup, A. S., Tarnow, L., Rossing, P., Hansen, B. V., Hilsted, J., & Parving, H.-H. (2006). Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy Predicts Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Type 1 Diabetic Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy. Diabetes Care, 29(2), 334-339. doi:10.2337/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1242Pop-Busui, R., Evans, G. W., Gerstein, H. C., Fonseca, V., Fleg, J. L., … Hoogwerf, B. J. (2010). Effects of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction on Mortality Risk in the Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes (ACCORD) Trial. Diabetes Care, 33(7), 1578-1584. doi:10.2337/dc10-0125Kempler, P., Tesfaye, S., Chaturvedi, N., Stevens, L. K., Webb, D. J., … Eaton, S. (2002). Autonomic neuropathy is associated with increased cardiovascular risk factors: the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study. Diabetic Medicine, 19(11), 900-909. doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00821.xPop-Busui, R., Cleary, P. A., Braffett, B. H., Martin, C. L., Herman, W. H., Low, P. A., … Bluemke, D. A. (2013). Association Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy and Left Ventricular Dysfunction. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 61(4), 447-454. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2012.10.02