Sequent effect of micronutrients on wheat productivity as depend on soil acidity

In three-year experiment the sequent effects of boron, molybdenum fertilization and coplex B, Mo, Mn, Zn, Cu, Fe application into soil and as foliar spray on limed and non-limed soil were studied. In temperate and dry years (1991 - 1992) the liming did not significantly influence grain yield. Sequent micronutrients effect appeared fitotoxic reaction of boron applied into soil on non-limed soil

Efficiency of microelements fertilization at horse bean cultivation depending on soil acidity

Three-year experiment showed that regardless of boron and molybdenium application way (presowing-into soil or foliar), their efficiency was closely connected with a degree of soil acidity while the multiple fertilizer LS-7 showed significant yielding effect regardless of soil acidity. Liming increased boron, molybdenum and manganese contents in horse bean yield and increased these microelements utilization from fertilizer regardless of their application way

Ekosorb jako zrodlo skladnikow mineralnych dla roslin

Możliwość łączenia supersorbentów akrylowych z nawozami stwarza dodatkowe problemy związane z dostępnością składników mineralnych dla roślin. Celem przeprowadzonych badań była ocena stopnia dostępności podstawowych składników pokarmowych - N, P, K, Mg i Ca dla roślin z supersorbentu polskiej produkcji pod nazwą „Ekosorb nawozowy”. W doświadczeniu stwierdzono, że spośród badanych składników mineralnych jedynie fosfor był w większym stopniu wykorzystywany przez rośliny z Ekosorbu niż pożywki, bez względu na rodzaj podłoża. Dostępność dla roślin potasu z Ekosorbu zmalała (około dwukrotnie) w warunkach podłoża glebowo-piaszczystego w porównaniu do podłoża piaszczystego. Ponadto kukurydza pobierając prawie dwukrotnie więcej azotu, fosforu i potasu lepiej niż rzepak testowała siłę sorpcji sorbenta i możliwości zaopatrzenia roślin w składniki mineralne.Possibility of mixing acrylic supersorbents with the fertilizers creates new problems with the accessibility of mineral components to plants. The aim of conducted experiments was to estimate the accessibility of basic mineral nutrients - N, P, K, Mg and Ca for plants from the Polish supersorbent „Fertilize Ekosorb”. Under experimental conditions only phosphorus from the Ekosorb appeared to be better accessible for plants than from the nutrient solution, irrespective of the substrate. Potassium accessibility for plants from the Ekosorb decreased (almost twice) in sandy-soil substrate conditions in comparison to the sandy substrate. Moreover, the maize taking up almost twice as much nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, tested much better the sorption power of a sorbent and the possibility of nutrient supply to plants than the rape did

Sulphur as a fertiliser component determining crop yield and quality

The aim of this paper was to review 100 years of Polish studies on sulphur fertilisation and its effects on the growth and development of plants, the chemical composition and impact of sulphur compounds on the health of plants, and its fungicidal activity. In the reviewed studies sulphur deficiency generally delayed vegetative growth, caused the dying out of the growth cone, yellow discolouration of the generative and vegetative organs and delayed maturation. Observations of plants have demonstrated that sulphur is essential for normal photosynthetic functions. Plants suffering from a lack or shortage of sulphur had pale green or yellowish, narrow, short and small leaves, and a smaller than normal root system, which was associated with reduced chlorophyll synthesis. The availability of sulphur was found to enatil an improved uptake of nitrogen by plants, thus affecting their quality and optimising the N:S ratio. Fertilisation with sulphur increased the total content of sulphur and sulphates in plants. Findings from studies on the effect of sulphur on the content of macroelements in tested plants are inconclusive. Sulphur used in excess disturbed the ionic balance in plants and indirectly affected the intensity and level of uptake of other nutrients. The results of studies investigating the impact of sulphur on changes in the content of heavy metals were ambiguous and demonstrated either synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Generally, sulphur fertilisation increased the content of glucosinolates in plants and improved their nutritional value. Most studies also showed that sulphur fertilisation improved the disease resistance of plants. Some studies have also demonstrated an increased content of glucosinolates in plants fertilised with sulphur, which stimulated natural resistance to fungal infections

Birdfoot trifoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) response on differentiat soil reaction and water capacity

The aim of two-year experiments was to determine the response of birdsfoot-trefoil var. 'Skrzeszowicka' on different soil conditions - water capacity and soil reaction. Pot experiment included 3 levels of water capacity 50 - 60%, 60 - 70%, 70 - 80% and 3 levels of soil reaction - pH in 1 mol Kcl – 4.5, 5.2 and 6.0. The conclusion ascertained very considerable effect of soil reaction and moisture content on N accumulation in birdfoot-trefoil during vegetation period. P and Mg accumulation was modified by soil reaction, while the Ca accumulation was limited by increase of soil moisture content. K accumulation in birdfoot-trefoil plants was joined in slight degree with variable soil reaction and moisture content

Sulphur as a fertiliser component determining crop yield and quality

The aim of this paper was to review 100 years of Polish studies on sulphur fertilisation and its effects on the growth and development of plants, the chemical composition and impact of sulphur compounds on the health of plants, and its fungicidal activity. In the reviewed studies sulphur deficiency generally delayed vegetative growth, caused the dying out of the growth cone, yellow discolouration of the generative and vegetative organs and delayed maturation. Observations of plants have demonstrated that sulphur is essential for normal photosynthetic functions. Plants suffering from a lack or shortage of sulphur had pale green or yellowish, narrow, short and small leaves, and a smaller than normal root system, which was associated with reduced chlorophyll synthesis. The availability of sulphur was found to enatil an improved uptake of nitrogen by plants, thus affecting their quality and optimising the N:S ratio. Fertilisation with sulphur increased the total content of sulphur and sulphates in plants. Findings from studies on the effect of sulphur on the content of macroelements in tested plants are inconclusive. Sulphur used in excess disturbed the ionic balance in plants and indirectly affected the intensity and level of uptake of other nutrients. The results of studies investigating the impact of sulphur on changes in the content of heavy metals were ambiguous and demonstrated either synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Generally, sulphur fertilisation increased the content of glucosinolates in plants and improved their nutritional value. Most studies also showed that sulphur fertilisation improved the disease resistance of plants. Some studies have also demonstrated an increased content of glucosinolates in plants fertilised with sulphur, which stimulated natural resistance to fungal infections

Siarka w polskiej diagnostyce nawozowej

Over the years, researchers from Polish research centres have been improving analytical methods as well as plant and soil assays, designed to diagnose demands of crops for sulphur fertilization and to assess their supply with this element. In this article, the authors look back at the last 100 years of the Polish research on sulphur, in the context of analytical methods, soil and plant assays, and their application to assessments of crop fertilization requirements. Studies on diagnosing crops’ demand for sulphur fertilization have a long-standing tradition. Back in 1903, for example, Godlewski and Jentys wrote about nutritional demands of crops and about sulphur nutrition. For over a century since then, the analytical methods have changes, soil and plant assays have been designed and parameters have been established to facilitate assessment of plant nutrient demands. Sulphur-oxidizing autotrophic microorganisms or the fungi Aspergillus niger have been used for diagnosis. Another investigated possibility was monitoring the capacity of sulphur for migration, assayed in lisymetric experiments. The 1960s were a time when modifications of earlier turbimetric methods appeared. In addition, applications of the isotope 35S were checked as a sulphur marker enabling determination of the dynamics of this element in soil and in plants. With the passing of time, new technologies and measuring devices were developed. Some research centres implemented sulphur detection assays on soil and plant material with the following methods: ICP, GC, HPLC or XPF (x-ray fluorescent analysis). With respect to soil and plant tests, which admittedly are a very useful tool for monitoring the sulphur abundance in soil and nutritional demands of plants, it is now the time to state that they need further verification and calibration, in both pot and field experiments.Na przestrzeni lat w polskich ośrodkach naukowych badacze udoskonalali metody analityczne oraz testy roślinne i glebowe w celu diagnozowania potrzeb nawożenia siarką i oceny zaopatrzenia roślin w ten pierwiastek. Celem pracy była retrospektywna analiza 100 lat polskich badań nad siarką w kontekście metod analitycznych, testów glebowych i roślinnych oraz wykorzystania ich do oceny potrzeb nawozowych roślin. Polskie badania dotyczące diagnozowania potrzeb nawożenia siarką mają długą tradycję. Już w 1903 r. Godlewski i Jentys pisali o wymaganiach pokarmowych roślin i nawożeniu siarką. W ciągu 100 lat polskich badań zmieniały się metody analityczne, opracowano testy glebowe i roślinne oraz wskaźniki mające ułatwić ocenę potrzeb nawozowych roślin. Do diagnozy wykorzystywano mikroorganizmy autotroficzne utleniające siarkę elementarną czy grzyby Aspergillus niger. Badano możliwości migracji siarki w doświadczeniach lizymetrycznych. Lata 60. to zarówno modyfikacje metod turbidymetrycznych, jak i poszukiwania zastosowań izotopu 35S do znakowania siarki w celu oznaczania dynamiki siarki w glebie i roślinie. W miarę upływu czasu pojawiły się nowe technologie i aparatury pomiarowe. Niektóre ośrodki naukowe zainicjowały oznaczanie siarki w materiale glebowym i roślinnym za pomocą ICP, GC, HPLC czy XPF – metodą analizy fluorescencyjnej rentgenowskiej. W nawiązaniu do testów glebowych i roślinnych, które są bardzo przydatnym narzędziem w monitorowaniu zasobności gleb w siarkę i wymagań pokarmowych roślin, można na dzień dzisiejszy stwierdzić, że wymagają one dalszych weryfikacji i kalibracji zarówno na poziomie doświadczeń wazonowych, jak i badań polowych