9 research outputs found
Seasonal forests in the Brazilian savannah: an overview
Seasonal forests cover about 15% of the Brazilian Savannah and are among the most degraded and fragmented vegetation types in this biome. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on these forests and disseminate information that can contribute to the amplification and deepening of previous studies. It shows that previous studies have already explained a large amount of questions raised by earlier researchers, but that the knowledge on some important aspects still remains incomplete. The anthropogenic activities reduction in the remaining areas, as well as the restoration of connectivity between fragments and the development of sustainable exploitation methods, were pointed out as major challenges to be faced by people involved in the study and management of these forests.As florestas estacionais ocupam, aproximadamente, 15% da área do Cerrado e estão entre os tipos de vegetação mais degradados e fragmentados, neste bioma. Este estudo teve como objetivo fornecer uma visão geral do estado atual do conhecimento sobre estas florestas e divulgar informações que possam contribuir para a ampliação e o aprofundamento dos estudos já realizados. O trabalho mostra que estudos já esclareceram grande parte das questões levantadas pelos primeiros investigadores, mas que o conhecimento de alguns aspectos ainda permanece incompleto. Foram apontados a redução das intervenções destrutivas do homem, nas áreas remanescentes, e o restabelecimento da conectividade entre os fragmentos e o desenvolvimento de métodos de exploração sustentável como os maiores desafios a serem enfrentados pelos agentes envolvidos no estudo e na gestão destas florestas
Árvores e variáveis ambientais influenciam a regeneração natural de uma floresta estacional decidual no Brasil Central
Seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) have high tree species richness and endemism, whose dynamics and succession depend on natural regeneration (NR). To test whether NR is influenced by the mature stratum and environmental variables, we compared structural and floristic patterns of mature trees [Mt (DBH ? 5 cm)] with the NR of a SDTF on limestone outcrops in Central Brazil. Additionally, we tested for effects of environmental variables on species abundance in these different strata. Within NR categories [JuvA (total height < 100 cm) and JuvB (total height ? 100 cm and DBH < 5 cm)], we recorded 597 individuals in 69 angiosperm species. Within NR and Mt we recorded 110 species distributed in 33 families, and 54 were common to both (~50% of total richness). Shannon diversity was 3.83, 3.13 and 3.33 for Mt, JuvA and JuvB, respectively. Besides the high number of exclusive species recorded in Mt (23), JuvA (18) and JuvB (24), comparisons indicated high floristic similarity (51%) between strata. Mt, JuvA and JuvB were influenced by different environmental variables, indicating that species requirements change along the establishment process. This highlights the importance of environmental variability for maintaining tree species diversity in SDTFs, and the importance of this remnant for the conservation of SDTFs in Central Brazil.Keywords: Cafuringa, Cerrado, dry forest, forest succession, limestone outcrops, sapling.Florestas Estacionais Deciduais (FED) em regiões tropicais possuem elevada riqueza e endemismo de espécies arbóreas, cuja dinâmica e sucessão são dependentes da regeneração natural (RN). A fim de testar se a RN é influenciada pelo estrato adulto e por variáveis ambientais, nós comparamos padrões estruturais e florísticos de árvores adultas [Mt (DBH ?5 cm)] com os da RN de uma FED associada a afloramentos calcários no Brasil Central. Adicionalmente, testamos os efeitos de variáveis ambientais sobre a abundância das espécies amostradas nos diferentes estratos. Entre as duas categorias de RN [JuvA (altura total < 100 cm) e JuvB (altura total ? 100 cm and DBH < 5 cm)], registramos 597 indivíduos pertencentes a 69 espécies de angiospermas. Entre RN e Mt, amostramos 110 espécies distribuídas em 33 famílias. A RN e a Mt apresentaram 54 espécies em comum (~50% da riqueza total). A diversidade de Shannon foi 3,83, 3,13 e 3,33 para Mt, JuvA and JuvB, respectivamente. Apesar do elevado número de espécies exclusivas a Mt (23), JuvA (18) e JuvB (24), os estratos avaliados apresentaram alta similaridade florística (51%). As espécies de Mt, JuvA e JuvB foram influenciadas por diferentes variáveis ambientais, o que indica mudanças de requerimentos ao longo do processo de estabelecimento. Isso ressalta a importância da variabilidade ambiental para a manutenção da diversidade de espécies arbóreas em FEDs, assim como aponta a importância desse remanescente para a conservação das FEDs no Brasil Central.Palavras-chave: afloramentos calcários, arvoretas, Cafuringa, Cerrado, mata seca, sucessão florestal
Relação vegetação-ambiente em florestas estacionais decíduas sobre afloramentos calcários no bioma cerrado e em zonas de transição com a caatinga e com a amazônia
Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, 2008.As florestas estacionais decíduas que ocorrem em afloramentos calcários no bioma Cerrado estão entre os mais ameaçados e menos estudados tipos de vegetação do Brasil. Essas florestas ocorrem em disjunções que estão amplamente dispersas nesse bioma. O presente trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de investigar as relações entre as abundâncias das espécies arbóreas e as variáveis ambientais em quatro disjunções dessas florestas que estão localizadas no Distrito Federal, sudoeste da Bahia, nordeste de Goiás e leste de Mato Grosso. Dados sobre espécies, propriedades físico-quimicas do solo, altitude e grau de rochosidade e inclinação do terreno foram obtidos em 25 parcelas de 20 x 20 m que foram demarcadas em fragmentos intactos dentro de cada disjunção. Dados climáticos também foram obtidos para cada disjunção. Na área de 40.000 m2 corespondente às 100 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, foram registradas 3.620 árvores com DAP ? 5 cm, pertencentes a 179 espécies, 129 gêneros e 46 famílias e angiospermas. Uma matriz com as 38 espécies mais abundantes (N ? 20 árvores) na amostra inteira (40.000 m2) foi usada para avaliar as relações entre as abundâncias das espécies e as variáveis ambientais. A avaliação foi feita por meio de uma ordenação por Análise de Correspondência Canônica - ACC. A matriz com os dados ambientais esteve composta por 21 variáveis, mas somente 12 foram usadas na avaliação final. A ordenação dos dados revelou autovalores da ordem de 0,72 para o primeiro eixo de ordenação e de 0.40 para o segundo, indicando um gradiente longo. A ordenação das espécies levou à distinção de três grupos florísticos a partir dos dados. O segundo eixo separou as espécies do fragmento da Bahia das espécies dos demais fragmentos, formando um conjunto preponderantemente ligado a baixos e outro a elevados índices pluviométricos. Revelando um gradiente mais complexo, o primeiro eixo separou a maior parte das espécies do fragmento do Distrito Federal das espécies dos fragmentos de Goiás e Mato Grosso, subdividindo o grupo ligado a elevadas precipitações pluviométricas em um grupo preponderantemente relacionado a altas e outro a baixas altitudes. As espécies mais abundantes nos grupos florísticos foram: 1) Bahia: Tabebuia chrysotricha, Banisteriopsis sp, Piranhea securinega e Piranhea securinega; 2) Distrito Federal: Celtis iguanea, Alophyllus sericeus, Machaerium brasiliense e Campomanesia velutina; e 3) Goiás e Mato Grosso: Combretum duarteanum, Tabebuia roseoalba, Dilodendron bipinnatum e Acacia tenuifolia. As espécies que não apresentaram corrrelação acentuada com variáveis específicas foram Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma subincanum, Casearia rupestris, Guazuma ulmifolia, Myracrodruon urundeuva e Rhamnidium elaeocarpum, as quais podem ser consideradas generalistas. A ordenação pela ACC indicou que as variáveis edáficas também tiveram papel importante na distinção desses grupos, com teor de matéria orgânica, pH, sódio, cálcio e acidez potencial do solo apresentando os mais fortes coeficientes de correlação. Foi considerado que variáveis não incluídas nas análises, como tamanho dos fragmentos, presença de clareiras e teor de umidade no substrato também podem estar exercendo influência sobre as plantas. Sugestões para novos estudos nas florestas estacionais do Cerrado foram apresentadas. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe seasonally deciduous forests that occur in limestone outcrops in the Cerrado biome are among the most threatened and less studied types of vegetation in Brazil. These forests occur in disjunctions that are widely dispersed in this biome. This work was carried out to investigate the relationship between the abundance of tree species and environmental variables in four disjunctions of these forests that are located in the Federal District, southwest of Bahia, northeast o Goiás and east of Mato Grosso. Data on species, physical and chemical properties of soil, altitude and degree of rock cover and slope of the outcrops was obtained on 25 plots of 20 x 20 m which were demarcated in intact fragments within each disjunction. Climatic data were also obtained for each disjunction. In the area of 40,000 m2 coresponding to the 100 plots of 20 x 20 m, were recorded 3620 trees with DBH 5 cm, belonging to 179 species, 129 genera and 46 families of angiosperms. A matrix with the 38 most abundant species (N 20 trees) in the entire sample (40,000 m2) was used to evaluate the relationship between the abundance of species and the environmental variables. The assessment was made by means of an ordinance by Canonical Correspondence Analysis - CCA. The matrix with the environmental data was composed by 21 variables, but only 12 were used for the final evaluation. The ordering of the data revealed eigenvalues of 0.72 for the first ordination axis and 0.40 for the second, indicating a long gradient. The ordination of species led to the distinction of three floristic groups from the data. The second axis separated the species of fragment in Bahia from species of the other fragments, forming a joint predominantly linked to low rainfall and other linked to high rainfall. Revealing a more complex gradient, the first axis separated the major part of the species of fragment in Federal District from of species of fragments in Goiás and Mato Grosso, subdividing the group linked to high pluvial precipitation in a group mainly related to high and another at low altitudes. The most abundant species in floristic groups were: 1) Bahia: Tabebuia chrysotricha, Banisteriopsis sp, Piranhea securinega and Triplaris gardneriana; 2) Federal District: Celtis iguanea, Alophyllus sericeus, Machaerium brasiliense and Campomanesia velutina, and 3) Goiás and Mato Grosso: Combretum duarteanum, Tabebuia roseoalba, Dilodendron bipinnatum, and Acacia tenuifolia. The species that showed no important correlation with specific variables were Anadenanthera colubrina, Aspidosperma subincanum, Casearia rupestris, Guazuma ulmifolia, Myracrodruon urundeuva, and Rhamnidium elaeocarpum, which could be xi considered generalists. The ordination by CCA indicated that the soil variables were also important in distinguishing these groups, with organic matter content, pH, sodium, calcium and acid potential stating the strongest correlation coefficients. It was considered that variables not included in the analysis, such as size of the fragments, the presence of gaps and moisture content of the substrate may also be exerting influence on the plants. Suggestions for further studies in seasonal deciduous forests in the Cerrado were presented
FLORESTAS ESTACIONAIS NO CERRADO: UMA VISÃO GERAL
<p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">Seasonal forests cover about 15% of the Brazilian Savannah and are among the most degraded and fragmented vegetation types in this biome. This study aimed to provide an overview of the current knowledge on these forests and disseminate information that can contribute to the amplification and deepening of previous studies. It shows that previous studies have already explained a large amount of questions raised by earlier researchers, but that the knowledge on some important aspects still remains incomplete. The anthropogenic activities reduction in the remaining areas, as well as the restoration of connectivity between fragments and the development of sustainable exploitation methods, were pointed out as major challenges to be faced by people involved in the study and management of these forests.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves /> <w:TrackFormatting /> <w:DoNotShowRevisions /> <w:DoNotPrintRevisions /> <w:DoNotShowMarkup /> <w:DoNotShowComments /> <w:DoNotShowInsertionsAndDeletions /> <w:DoNotShowPropertyChanges /> <w:AutoHyphenation /> <w:HyphenationZone>21</w:HyphenationZone> <w:PunctuationKerning /> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas /> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF /> <w:LidThemeOther>PT-BR</w:LidThemeOther> 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mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} --> <!--[endif] --><p style="margin-bottom: 0cm; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: 120%; text-decoration: none;" lang="pt-BR"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: #000000;"><span style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;"><span lang="pt-BR"><span style="font-style: normal;"><span style="font-weight: normal;">As florestas estacionais ocupam, aproximadamente, 15% da área do Cerrado e estão entre os tipos de vegetação mais degradados e fragmentados, neste bioma. Este estudo teve como objetivo fornecer uma visão geral do estado atual do conhecimento sobre estas florestas e divulgar informações que possam contribuir para a ampliação e o aprofundamento dos estudos já realizados. O trabalho mostra que estudos já esclareceram grande parte das questões levantadas pelos primeiros investigadores, mas que o conhecimento de alguns aspectos ainda permanece incompleto. Foram apontados a redução das intervenções destrutivas do homem, nas áreas remanescentes, e o restabelecimento da conectividade entre os fragmentos e o desenvolvimento de métodos de exploração sustentável como os maiores desafios a serem enfrentados pelos agentes envolvidos no estudo e na gestão destas florestas.</span></span></span></s
Inventory of one hectar of a gallery forest
Foi estudado um hectare de mata ripária do córrego Capãozinho (Distrito Federal). Foram estimados os seguintes parâmetros: volume com casca e peso de madeira seca do fuste e da copa, fator forma, e área basal. Foram inventariadas 568 árvores com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) igual ou superior a 5 cm, pertencentes a 73 espécies e 40 famílias. O volume e o peso da madeira por hectare foram, respectivamente, de 170,4436 m³ e 127,49 toneladas de madeira seca. As espécies que apresentaram maior produção de biomassa total foram: Amaioua guianensis Auble, Aspidosperma australe M. Arg., Belangera glabra Camb., Callisthene major Mart., Copaifera langsdorffi Desf., Cryptocarya aschaersoniana Mez., Emmotum nitens (Benth.) Miers., Maprounea guianensis Aublet, Ocotea spixiana (Ness.) Mez., Protium brasiliense Engl., e Siphoneugena chnoosepala Kiaersk.. Constataram-se 1.673 indivíduos da sucessão florestal com DAP abaixo de 5 cm. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTOne hectare of gallery forest was surveyed at the Capãozinho stream in Brasília, DF, Brazil. Among others, the following parameters were estimated: volume with bark and dry weight of stem and branches, form, and basal area. Five-hundred and sixty-eight trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) equal to or greater than 5 cm, belonging to 73 species, were mensured in the area. The total volume was 170.4436 m³/ha and the total dry weight of wood was 127.49 tons. The species with the most biomass production were: Amaioua guianensis Aublet, Aspidosperma australe M. Arg., Belangera glabra Camb., Callisthene major Mart., Copaifera langsdorffi Desf., Cryptocarya aschaersoniana Mez., Emmotum nitens (Benth.) Miers., Maprounea guianensis Aublet, Ocotea spixiana (Ness.) Mez., Protium brasiliense Engl., e Siphoneugena chnoosepala Kiaersk, and 1673 specimens of the natural regeneration were registered
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ARBOREAL FLORA OF TWO FRAGMENTS OF GALLERY FOREST OF THE “PARQUE CANJERANA”, DF.
This study was accomplished in two fragments of the gallery forest located in the Parque Canjerana in Brasília, DF, to characterize the structure and the floristic composition of the arboreal flora. Strips of 10 m of width, with varying lengths, depending on the limits of the forest, were systematically allocated perpendicularly to the water stream, distant 60 m from each other. Each strip was subdivided in continuous parcels of 10 x 20 m, so, in each fragment it was possible to allocate 14 parcels. The individuals with CHD ≥ 5 cm were identified and had their values of total height and CHD registered. It was sampled a total of 747 alive individuals distributed in 79 species and 43 botanical families. The estimated forest basal area was approximately 31.29 m2.ha-1 and the density was 1,475 ind.ha-1. There was low similarity among the fragments. One of the fragments, denominated of fragment II, was characterized as a inundated gallery forest and the species Protium spruceanum and Tapirira guianensis were considered the most important. The other fragment, denominated fragment IV, was characterized as a non-inundated gallery forest and the species Anadenanthera colubrina and Qualea dichotoma stood out with high importance. The diversity of the fragment IV was larger than the one of the fragment II (index of Shannon=3.698 and 2.571nats.ind-1, respectively). The specificity of identified species in each fragment can be used to define restoration and conservation strategies of the Gallery Forest of the Parque Canjerana