61 research outputs found

    Modalité, dialogisme et stratégies discursives

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    This article studies the dialogic effects of the various uses of the modal auxiliary MAY within American presidential debates. Firstly, we adopt the analytic framework of Antoine Culioli (1990) called Théorie des Opérations Énonciatives and show that these dialogic effects are generated by some fundamental metalinguistic operations among which the construction of notional alterity. As a consequence, it seems possible to define MAY as a dialogic marker (Bres et Mellet 2009) since it is its intrinsic properties (and not the context) that cause dialogic effects. Secondly, we suggest that the framework developed here sheds new light on some of the discursive strategies employed by the candidates; in particular, it helps provide a linguistic account of manipulative discourse. Finally, the study considers the relations between the notions of alterity and dialogism

    Marta Degani, Paolo Frassi, Maria Ivana Lorenzetti (dir.), La politique et ses langages (The Languages of Politics)

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    L’ouvrage dirigé en 2016 par Marta Degani, Paolo Frassi et Maria Ivana Lorenzetti, intitulé La Politique et ses langages (The Languages of Politics), se présente en deux volumes de taille sensiblement identique, chacun constitué de treize contributions rédigées en anglais ou français et, pour le premier, d’une introduction (en anglais) de la part des directeurs de publication. Il fait suite au colloque international éponyme organisé à l’Université de Vérone, en Italie, les 30 et 31 mai 2013. ..

    Anglais de spécialité et logométrie. L’exemple des débats présidentiels américains

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    Cet article propose d’inscrire l’étude des débats présidentiels américains dans le champ de l’anglais de spécialité et d’y envisager la contribution d’analyses quantitatives empruntées au cadre théorique et méthodologique de la logométrie (Mayaffre 2004). Le corpus d’étude, composé des 22 face-à-face à deux candidats organisés depuis 1960, est traité à l’aide du logiciel Hyperbase. Le relevé lemmatisé des hautes fréquences lexicales montre que les débats sont, sur le plan grammatical, discursif et interactionnel, sensiblement proches du registre conversationnel. Il permet également d’en reconstruire le cadre cognitif (Chilton 2004) et de souligner l’importance donnée aux relations intersubjectives au sein de ce cadre. L’étude des spécificités lexicales des candidats met par ailleurs en évidence le caractère intrinsèquement hybride des pratiques discursives des candidats et confirme l’appartenance des débats présidentiels au genre « discours politique médiatisé » (Fairclough 1995). Cette étude, mêlant analyses qualitatives et quantitatives, contribue à montrer que la logométrie peut outiller la recherche en anglais de spécialité en mettant au jour la structuration discursive, cognitive et générique d’un discours spécialisé.This paper addresses the question of American presidential debates from the ESP viewpoint and considers how linguistic quantitative analyses may help to identify some of their characteristics. The corpus consists of 22 debates (only face-to-face encounters) and covers eight election years since 1960. The quantitative analyses lie within the framework of logometry (Mayaffre 2004) and are carried out with the software Hyperbase; in particular, they are grounded on the lemma frequency lists of the corpus and on the lexical specificities of the candidates. The studies show that presidential debates share some discursive and interactional similarities with conversations and belong to a hybrid discourse genre (Fairclough 1995). They also indicate that intersubjective relations are of particular importance within the cognitive frame (Chilton 2004) of the debates. The paper highlights the fact that linguistic quantitative analyses may contribute to ESP research since they help to study discourse phenomena from several linguistic perspectives

    Chikungunya Disease: Infection-Associated Markers from the Acute to the Chronic Phase of Arbovirus-Induced Arthralgia

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    At the end of 2005, an outbreak of fever associated with joint pain occurred in La Réunion. The causal agent, chikungunya virus (CHIKV), has been known for 50 years and could thus be readily identified. This arbovirus is present worldwide, particularly in India, but also in Europe, with new variants returning to Africa. In humans, it causes a disease characterized by a typical acute infection, sometimes followed by persistent arthralgia and myalgia lasting months or years. Investigations in the La Réunion cohort and studies in a macaque model of chikungunya implicated monocytes-macrophages in viral persistence. In this Review, we consider the relationship between CHIKV and the immune response and discuss predictive factors for chronic arthralgia and myalgia by providing an overview of current knowledge on chikungunya pathogenesis. Comparisons of data from animal models of the acute and chronic phases of infection, and data from clinical series, provide information about the mechanisms of CHIKV infection–associated inflammation, viral persistence in monocytes-macrophages, and their link to chronic signs

    Exploration textométrique d’un corpus comparable bilingue. Le corpus LSF

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