A review of the chemical modification and applications of starch

The modification of starch using esterification, etherification, oxidation, and Schiff base formation has garnered significant interest owing to its wide-ranging applications in different sectors. This overview delves into the various techniques utilized for modifying starch molecules and examines their utilization in adsorption, adhesive formulations, pharmaceuticals, nanoparticle synthesis, and film manufacturing. The article delves into the synthesis pathways associated with esterification, etherification, oxidation, and Schiff base formation, underscoring their influence on the physicochemical characteristics of starch. Furthermore, it thoroughly examines the application of modified starch in pollutant adsorption processes, as adhesive agents in industries, as excipients in pharmaceutical formulations, and as crucial elements in the creation of starch-based nanoparticles and films

Antimicrobial activity and molecular docking studies of some imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives

The synthesis of bioactive molecules is of major importance in the pharmaceutical industry. In this context, the study was conducted to determine the antimicrobial and antifungal potential of four chalcone-based imidazo[2,1-b]thiazole derivatives already synthesized by our research group. The synthetized compounds obtained in good yield were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities against E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium, the results obtained are compared with the standard. Molecular docking studies were utilized to forecast the potential of these molecules as antimicrobial agents, the results obtained in vitro antibacterial were well confirmed by this method

(E)-2-Phenyl-N-(thiophen-2-ylmethylidene)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-amine

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H13N3S, is build up from two independent molecules slightly inclined to each other. In each molecule, the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine ring system is almost planar, with the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.022 (1) Å in the first molecule and 0.018 (1) Å in the second molecule. The fused-ring system belonging to the first molecule makes dihedral angles of 24.06 (7) and 40.52 (8)° with the thiophenyl and phenyl rings, respectively. The corresponding values observed in the second molecule are nearly the same, namely 25.20 (7) and 38.99 (7)°, respectively. The dihedral angle between the thiophenyl and phenyl rings is 63.47 (9)° in the first molecule and 47.49 (9)° in the second. The cohesion of the crystal structure is ensured by two C—H...N hydrogen bonds between molecules and by three C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network

Crystal structure of (E)-4-[N-(7-methyl-2-phenylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)carboximidoyl]phenol

The molecule of the title compound, C21H17N3O, is built up from fused five- and six-membered rings connected to a methyl group, a phenyl ring and an (iminomethyl)phenol group. The fused ring system is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.031 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 64.97 (7) and 18.52 (6)° with the phenyl ring and the (iminomethyl)phenol group, respectively. In the crystal, centrosymmetric molecules are linked by pairs of C—H...π interactions into dimeric units, which are further connected by O–H...N hydrogen bonds to form layers parallel to (101)

Crystal structure of (5-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)methanol

In the title compound, C9H10N2O, the imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine moiety is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.024 Å). The methanol group is nearly perpendicular to its mean plane as indicated by the C—C—C—O and N—C—C—O torsion angles of 80.04 (16) and −96.30 (17)°, respectively. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H...N hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers with an R22(10) ring motif. The dimers are liked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, enclosing R22(10) ring motifs and forming ribbons along [201]. The ribbons are linked via a number of π–π interactions [centroid–centroid distances vary from 3.4819 (8) to 3.7212 (8) Å], forming a three-dimensional structure

Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of 4-(2,6-dichlorobenzyl)-6-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C17H12Cl2N2O, contains one independent molecule. The molecule is not planar, the phenyl and pyridazine rings are twisted with respect to each other, making a dihedral angle of 29.96 (2)° and the dichlorophenyl ring is nearly perpendicular to the pyridazine ring, with a dihedral angle of 82.38 (11)°. In the crystal, pairs of N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form inversion dimers with an R22(8) ring motif. The dimers are linked by C—H...O interactions, forming layers parallel to the bc plane. The intermolecular interactions were investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional fingerprint plots, and the molecular electrostatic potential surface was also analysed. The Hirshfeld surface analysis of the title compound suggests that the most significant contributions to the crystal packing are by H...H (31.4%), Cl...H/H...Cl (19.9%) and C...H/H...C (19%) contacts

Library of synthetic compounds based on pyrazole unit: Design and screening against breast and colorectal cancer

Pyrazolic compounds represent a large source of anticancer compounds, based on the choice of the scaffold structure, the nature of the substituents and the sites of coordination. Here, we discuss our recent progresses in identifying new active molecules from a synthetic library of 14 nitrogen compounds. All these compounds exert antiproliferative activity against breast and colorectal cancer cell lines with varying IC50 values (the half-maximal inhibitory concentration, which is a measure of the effectiveness of a compound in inhibiting biological or biochemical function). We found a onelog order difference in activity among the different tested compounds. The most active compound 7 showed an IC50 values equal to 8.5μg/ml in both MDA-MB 231(breast cancer) and LOVO (colorectal cancer) cell lines. © 2014 Bentham Science Publishers

Exploring the optical properties of novel pyridazin-3(2H)-one derivatives - A combined experimental and computational study

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Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, Antibacterial Activity, and Computational Studies of Novel Pyridazinone Derivatives

In this work, a novel series of pyridazinone derivatives (3–17) were synthesized and characterized by NMR (1H and 13C), FT-IR spectroscopies, and ESI-MS methods. All synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (Methicillin-resistant), Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Acinetobacter baumannii. Among the series, compounds 7 and 13 were found to be active against S. aureus (MRSA), P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii with the lowest MIC value range of 3.74–8.92 µM. Afterwards, DFT calculations of B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) level were carried out to investigate geometry structures, frontier molecular orbital, molecular electrostatic potential maps, and gap energies of the synthesized compounds. In addition, the activities of these compounds against various bacterial proteins were compared with molecular-docking calculations. Finally, ADMET studies were performed to investigate the possibility of using of the target compounds as drugs