Training Materials Utilizing Food Choices for Healthful Living

As the instructor for this program you have the unique opportunity to help communities achieve a healthier lifestyle, enjoy the benefits of good nutrition and be successful at managing Diabetes.This three part series contains practical information that is designed to be educational and interactive. The goal of this curriculum is to bring up-to-date nutrition and Diabetes information to individuals that provide nutrition and health education. We welcome your enthusiasm and sensitivity and hope you find the information useful.Funding by the United States Department of Agriculture, Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service Grant Number: 94- 38826-0179

Geochemistry of fluid discharges from Peteroa volcano (Argentina-Chile) in 2010-2015: Insights into compositional changes related to the fluid source region(s).

This study presents the first geochemical data of fluid discharges collected from February 2010 to March 2015 from the Planchon-Peteroa-Azufre Volcanic Complex (PPAVC), located in the Transitional Southern Volcanic Zone (TSVZ) at the border between Argentina and Chile. During the study period, from January 2010 to July 2011, Peteroa volcano experienced phreatic to phreatomagmatic eruption possibly related to the devastating Maule earthquake occurred on February 27, 2010. The compositional dataset includes low temperature (from 43.2 to 102 degrees C) gas discharges from (i) the summit of Peteroa volcano and (ii) the SE flank of Azufre volcano, both marked by a significant magmatic fluid contribution, as well as bubbling gases located at the foothill of the Peteroa volcanic edifice, which showed a chemical signature typical of hydrothermal fluids. In 2012, strong compositional changes affected the Peteroa gases from the summit area: the acidic gas species, especially SO2, increased, suggesting an input of fluids from magma degassing. Nevertheless, the R/Ra and delta C-13-CO2 values decreased, which would imply an enhanced contribution from a meteoric-hydrothermal source. In 2014-2015, the chemical and isotopic compositions of the 2010-2011 gases were partially restored. The anomalous decoupling between the chemical and the isotopic parameters was tentatively interpreted as produced by degassing activity from a small batch of dacitic magma that in 2012 masked the compositional signature of the magmatic fluids released from a basaltic magma that dominated the gas chemistry in 2010-2011. This explanation reliably justifies the observed geochemical data, although the mechanisms leading to the change in time of the dominating magmatic fluid source are not clear. At this regard, a geophysical survey able to provide information on the location of the two magma batches could be useful to clarify the possible relationships between the compositional changes that affected the Peteroa fluid discharges and the 2010-2011 eruptive activity.FONDECYT Iniciacion Project 11100372 FONDAP "Centro de Excelencia en Geotermia de los Andes" 15090013 Universidad de Buenos Aires UBACyT 20020120300077BA IDEAN institute (UBA-CONICET) Laboratory of Fluid and Rock Geochemistry of the Department of Earth Sciences (Florence, Italy

Estudio de viabilidad de implementación de una Sección de transporte a lomo en un Batallón de Cazadores de Montaña.

Las unidades militares especializadas en montaña a menudo se ven obligadas a trabajar de manera autónoma durante largos periodos. En este tipo de terreno los reabastecimientos durante los despliegues son muy complicados debido a la poca accesibilidad a los lugares donde se encuentran las unidades. A ello se le suma la gran cantidad de material que es requerido para progresar en montaña. Todo ello conlleva un importante peso que hace al combatiente avanzar de forma lenta y fatigosa. Por consiguiente, e incentivados por los estudios para resolver este problema que se están llevando a cabo en los ejércitos de países vecinos, se realiza este estudio de viabilidad para disponer de una sección de trasporte a lomo en un batallón de cazadores de montaña. Para ello, se siguen los pasos que se describen a continuación. Se identifican las características idóneas de los mulos para llevar a cabo la tarea y se estudia la viabilidad de su adquisición. Se determina el tipo de transporte que se va a realizar y por consiguiente el número de ejemplares requerido. Posteriormente se definen las necesidades que conlleva la implementación de esta unidad y se identifican los posibles emplazamientos de las cuadras. A continuación, se estudia la legislación aplicable y las posibilidades: de transporte del ganado en camión, de cubrir la plantilla de personal y de aprovechamiento de instalaciones existentes para albergar a los mulos. Con todo ello se determina la localización más conveniente donde alojar al ganado. En este trabajo se hace uso de una serie de metodologías. En primer lugar se lleva a cabo un estudio del Estado del Arte y se realizan entrevistas a expertos en distintos dominios. Posteriormente se implementa la metodología TRIZ la cual está diseñada para resolver problemas de inventiva. A continuación, se hace uso del Algoritmo de Prim. Más adelante se lleva a cabo un estudio de debilidades, amenazas, fortalezas y oportunidades (DAFO) que ayuda a tomar una decisión valorando la situación actual. Por último y para definir la mejor ubicación de las cuadras, se lleva a cabo un análisis multicriterio. Las conclusiones a las que se han llegado implican la posibilidad de cumplir con la misión de transporte con 8 mulos los cuales se podrán adquirir de Cría Caballar Zaragoza. Para ello es necesario que el reabastecimiento se haga de forma periódica, yendo y volviendo al camión cada vez, en lugar de portear toda la carga desde el inicio de la maniobra. Por ello la adquisición de un camión para esta nueva sección de transporte sería muy beneficiosa aunque no indispensable, pues se puede contar con la colaboración del camión de la Academia General Militar. La ubicación óptima para maximizar la operatividad de la unidad teniendo en cuenta la inversión económica inicial es Jaca. Empero hay que tener en cuenta que habrá que realizar un cambio en la plantilla orgánica del personal implicado en el trabajo con los mulos y que pertenecen al Regimiento de Infantería ‘Galicia’ 64 de cazadores de montaña. <br /

Atrial fibrillation in a primary care practice: prevalence and management

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is a common serious cardiac arrhythmia. Knowing the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and documentation of medical management are important in the provision of primary care. This study sought to determine the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in a primary care population and to identify and quantify the treatments being used for stroke prevention in this group of patients. METHODS: A prevalence study through chart audit was conducted in the family medicine practice at the Sunnybrook campus of the Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre. The main outcome measures were the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in our primary care practice and the use of warfarin for stroke prevention in this population. RESULTS: 261 patients in our practice have atrial fibrillation. The overall prevalence in our family practice unit is 3.9%. When considering patients aged 60 and over, the prevalence rises to 12.2%. 204 of our patients with atrial fibrillation (78.2%) are currently being treated with warfarin. Another 21 patients were previously treated and discontinued for a number of reasons. Of the 57 patients not currently treated with warfarin, 44 are treated with ASA, 2 with ticlopidine, and 11 are receiving no preventative treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of atrial fibrillation in our practice is higher than the range of prevalence reported in the general literature. However, our coverage with warfarin treatment exceeds previous reports in the literature

Site-specific N-linked glycosylation analysis of human carcinoembryonic antigen by sheathless capillary electrophoresis-tandem mass spectrometry

With 28 potential N-glycosylation sites, human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) bears an extreme amount of N-linked glycosylation, and approximately 60% of its molecular mass can be attributed to its carbohydrates. CEA is often overexpressed and released by many solid tumors, including colorectal carcinomas. CEA displays an impressive heterogeneity and variability in sugar content, however site-specific distribution of carbohydrate structures has not been reported so far. The present study investigated CEA samples purified from human colon carcinoma and human liver metastases and enabled the characterization of 21 out of 28 potential N-glycosylation sites with respect to their occupancy. The coverage was achieved by a multi-enzymatic digestion approach with specific enzymes, such as trypsin, endoproteinase Glu-C, and the non-specific enzyme, pronase, followed by analysis using sheathless CE-MS/MS. In total, 893 different N-glycopeptides and 128 unique N-glycan compositions were identified. Overall, a great heterogeneity was found both within (micro) and in between (macro) individual N-glycosylation sites. Moreover, notable differences were found on certain N-glycosylation sites between primary adenocarcinoma and metastatic tumor in regard to branching, bisection, sialylation and fucosylation. Those features, if further investigated in a targeted manner, may pave the way towards improved diagnostics and monitoring of colorectal cancer progression and recurrence. Raw mass spectrometric data and Skyline processed data files that support the findings of this study are available in the MassIVE repository with the identifier MSV000086774 [https://doi.org/doi:10.25345/C5Z50X]

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and tumor protein 73 (TP73) interact with Epstein-Barr virus in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: results from the European case-control study EpiLymph

Using EpiLymph case-control data, we found that chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients were more likely to have abnormal reactive serological patterns to Epstein Barr virus than controls. Here, we aimed to assess whether this association is modified by genetic variants. We examined 1,305 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms from 300 selected genes related to various pathways in 240 cases and 513 controls from five European centers. In a recessive model, patients positive to aberrant antibody pattern and homozygous for rare genotypes in rs8113877T>G or rs17576A>G of the MMP9 gene were at highest risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In a dominant model, TP73 showed the highest risk in patients positive to aberrant antibody pattern and homozygous for the wild-type genotype in rs1885859G>C or rs3765701A>T. All interactions were additive and no main effect was observed. The strong interactions observed may be indicative of a specific pathway in cancer genesis. Confirmation of these results is warranted

Carotid endarterectomy - An evidence-based review: Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology

Objective: To assess the efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for stroke prevention in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients with internal carotid artery stenosis. Additional clinical scenarios, such as use of endarterectomy combined with cardiac surgery, are also reviewed. Methods: The authors selected nine important clinical questions. A systematic search was performed for articles from 1990 (the year of the last statement) until 2001. Additional articles from 2002 through 2004 were included using prespecified criteria. Two reviewers also screened for other relevant articles from 2002 to 2004. Case reports, review articles, technical studies, and single surgeon case series were excluded. Results: For several questions, high quality randomized clinical trials had been completed. Carotid endarterectomy reduces the stroke risk compared to medical therapy alone for patients with 70 to 99% symptomatic stenosis (16% absolute risk reduction at 5 years). There is a smaller benefit for patients with 50 to 69% symptomatic stenosis (absolute risk reduction 4.6% at 5 years). There is a small benefit for asymptomatic patients with 60 to 99% stenosis if the perioperative complication rate is low. Aspirin in a dose of 81 to 325 mg per day is preferred vs higher doses (650 to 1,300 mg per day) in patients undergoing endarterectomy. Conclusions: Evidence supports carotid endarterectomy for severe (70 to 99%) symptomatic stenosis (Level A). Endarterectomy is moderately useful for symptomatic patients with 50 to 69% stenosis (Level B) and not indicated for symptomatic patients with \u3c50% stenosis (Level A). For asymptomatic patients with 60 to 99% stenosis, the benefit/risk ratio is smaller compared to symptomatic patients and individual decisions must be made. Endarterectomy can reduce the future stroke rate if the perioperative stroke/death rate is kept low (\u3c3%) (Level A). Low dose aspirin (81 to 325 mg) is preferred for patients before and after carotid endarterectomy to reduce the rate of stroke, myocardial infarction, and death (Level A). Copyright © 2005 by AAN Enterprises, Inc

Surfactant-mediated variation of band-edge emission in CdS nanocomposites

The optical-structural characteristics of the direct optical band-gap semiconducting series of surfactant template-mediated laminar (CdS)x(CdCl2)y(CnH2n+4N)z nanocomposites are reported. X-ray diffraction measurements of the nanocomposites exhibited interlaminar distances in the range 2.9-3.6 nm with observations of eighth order {0 0 l} diffraction planes indicative of a high degree of laminarity and crystallographic order. Diffuse reflectance measurements have determined that the profile of their emission spectrum is that of a direct band-gap with absorption edges in the range 2.11-2.40 eV, depending on the CdS mole fraction in the nanocomposite. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation and time-resolved PL spectroscopies give an estimate of the maximum relative absorbance of the nanocomposites at ∼420 nm while the minimum was observed at ∼560 nm. The main emission was observed at ∼700 nm with emission from doubly ionized sulphur vacancies observed at ∼615 nm at room temperature. The CdS-containing nanocomposite is thus a surfactant-mediated modular system with variable band-gap energy emission

Poly (lactic acid)/D-limonene/ZnO bio-nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties

Antimicrobial films of poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/D-limonene/zinc oxide (ZnO)-based bio-nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding and subsequent thermocompression. D-limonene was incorporated at concentrations of 10 or 20 wt%, and ZnO pure nanoparticles and those organically modified with oleic acid (O-ZnO), with an average diameter of 13.5 nm, were included at concentrations of 3, 5, and 8 wt%. The plasticizing effect of D-Limonene was corroborated by a decrease in the glass transition temperature compared to pure PLA. The presence of ZnO and O-ZnO in the PLA matrix promoted a slight increase in the degree of crystallinity due to its nucleant performance. Although ZnO and O-ZnO induced lower thermal stability and slightly decreased microhardness in the composites, excellent antimicrobial performance was demonstrated. Both ZnO and O-ZnO nanocomposites reached 99.9% of effectiveness for nanoparticles content above 5 wt%, regardless of the source of irradiation, D-limonene concentration, and nanoparticle modification. Therefore, these bio-nanocomposites will allow for future advances in sustainable antimicrobial materials for the medical or food packaging fields.DICYT, Grant/Award Number: Project 022041ZR_POSTDOCT; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico,Grant/Award Numbers: 1170226, 320029