54 research outputs found
Quantum-state control in optical lattices
We study the means to prepare and coherently manipulate atomic wave packets
in optical lattices, with particular emphasis on alkali atoms in the
far-detuned limit. We derive a general, basis independent expression for the
lattice operator, and show that its off-diagonal elements can be tailored to
couple the vibrational manifolds of separate magnetic sublevels. Using these
couplings one can evolve the state of a trapped atom in a quantum coherent
fashion, and prepare pure quantum states by resolved-sideband Raman cooling. We
explore the use of atoms bound in optical lattices to study quantum tunneling
and the generation of macroscopic superposition states in a double-well
potential. Far-off-resonance optical potentials lend themselves particularly
well to reservoir engineering via well controlled fluctuations in the
potential, making the atom/lattice system attractive for the study of
decoherence and the connection between classical and quantum physics.Comment: 35 pages including 8 figures. To appear in Phys. Rev. A. March 199
Global Activation of CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes Correlates with an Impairment in Regulatory T Cells in Patients with Generalized Vitiligo
Melanocyte-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a pivotal role in vitiligo-induced depigmentation. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the high frequency of generalized autoimmune disorders associated with generalized vitiligo (GV) are unknown. We hypothesized that an imbalance between activated CD8+ CTLs and regulatory T cells (Tregs) exists in patients with GV . Assessment of the circulating CD8+ CTLs and Tregs by flow cytometric analysis revealed an obvious expansion of CD8+ CTLs and a concomitant decrease in Treg cells in GV patients. The percentages of skin infiltrating CD8+ CTLs and Tregs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and revealed dramatically increased numbers of both CD8+ CTLs and Tregs in the perilesional skin of GV patients. However, peripheral Tregs were impaired in their ability to suppress the proliferation and cytolytic capacity of autologous CD8+ T cells, suggesting that a functional failure of Tregs and the hyper-activation of CD8+ CTLs may contribute to progressive GV. Our data indicate that reduced numbers and impaired function of natural Tregs fail to control the widespread activation of CD8+ CTLs, which leads to the destruction of melanocytes and contributes to the elevated frequency of various associated autoimmune diseases. This knowledge furthers our understanding of the mechanisms of immune tolerance that are impaired in GV patients and may aid in the future development of effective immunotherapy for GV patients
Forecasting: theory and practice
Forecasting has always been at the forefront of decision making and planning. The uncertainty that surrounds the future is both exciting and challenging, with individuals and organisations seeking to minimise risks and maximise utilities. The large number of forecasting applications calls for a diverse set of forecasting methods to tackle real-life challenges. This article provides a non-systematic review of the theory and the practice of forecasting. We provide an overview of a wide range of theoretical, state-of-the-art models, methods, principles, and approaches to prepare, produce, organise, and evaluate forecasts. We then demonstrate how such theoretical concepts are applied in a variety of real-life contexts. We do not claim that this review is an exhaustive list of methods and applications. However, we wish that our encyclopedic presentation will offer a point of reference for the rich work that has been undertaken over the last decades, with some key insights for the future of forecasting theory and practice. Given its encyclopedic nature, the intended mode of reading is non-linear. We offer cross-references to allow the readers to navigate through the various topics. We complement the theoretical concepts and applications covered by large lists of free or open-source software implementations and publicly-available databases
Commentary on “Transparent modelling of influenza incidence”: On big data models for infectious disease forecasting
Commentary on “Transparent modelling of influenza incidence”: On big data models for infectious disease forecasting
Adaptive local learning techniques for multiple-step-ahead wind speed forecasting
A massive deployment of wind energy in power systems is expected in the near future. However, a still
open issue is how to integrate wind generators into existing electrical grids by limiting their side effects
on network operations and control. In order to attain this objective, accurate short and medium-term
wind speed forecasting is required.
This paper discusses and compares a physical (white-box) model (namely a limited-area non hydrostatic
model developed by the European consortium for small-scale modeling) with a family of local
learning techniques (black-box) for short and medium term forecasting. Also, an original model integrating
machine learning techniques with physical knowledge modeling (grey-box) is proposed.
A set of experiments on real data collected from a set of meteorological sensors located in the south
of Italy supports the methodological analysis and assesses the potential of the different forecasting
approaches
Comparative study of TiO
Microcrystalline titanium oxide (TiO2) particles of anatase crystal phase were prepared by the sol-gel route, varying thermal treatment conditions (400 °C and 600 °C), for a comparison purpose with commercial TiO2 (P25). Structural, optical and electrical properties were investigated for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) application. Both microcrystalline TiO2 particles, synthesized by the sol-gel method and obtained from the P25 powder were used to prepare a light scattering layer of the working electrode. The obtained electrodes were then immersed in a solution of N-719 (ruthenium) dye, at the ambient temperature, during 24 h. Finally, the DSSCs were assembled, the short circuit photocurrent, the open circuit photovoltage, and the power conversion efficiency were measured using an I-V measurement system. The overall conversion efficiencies for all elaborated DSSCs were proximate. A maximum efficiency of 2.3% was achieved for the sol-gel TiO2 thin film annealed at 400 °C, under one sun irradiation, with an open circuit voltage of 0.61 V and a current density of 6.54 mA/cm2. The higher efficiency value of the sol-gel TiO2 sample, annealed at 400 °C, was attributed to the uniformity of the prepared titanium oxide substrate, which provides a better surface for the dye absorption
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