Espaces méditerranéens, vers une convergence politique et économique ?

Do political and commercial links between EUROMED member states tend to increase during the last decade? Tools from ‘Social Network Analysis' allow focusing on actors' relational structures and highlight the persistence of a centre-periphery organization within the EUROMED.Les liens politiques et commerciaux entre pays membres de l'Union pour la Méditerranée tendent-ils à se renforcer au cours de la dernière décennie ? Utiliser des méthodes issues de l'analyse des réseaux sociaux permet de mettre l'accent sur les structures relationnelles des acteurs et révèle la persistance d'une organisation centre-périphérie au sein de l'EUROMED

Premiers pas vers une proposition de sémiologie graphique animée : un outil d'expérimentation

International audienc

Obesity-related behaviours and BMI in five urban regions across Europe: sampling design and results from the SPOTLIGHT cross-sectional survey.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the design, methods and first results of a survey on obesity-related behaviours and body mass index (BMI) in adults living in neighbourhoods from five urban regions across Europe. DESIGN: A cross-sectional observational study in the framework of an European Union-funded project on obesogenic environments (SPOTLIGHT). SETTING: 60 urban neighbourhoods (12 per country) were randomly selected in large urban zones in Belgium, France, Hungary, the Netherlands and the UK, based on high or low values for median household income (socioeconomic status, SES) and residential area density. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 6037 adults (mean age 52 years, 56% female) participated in the online survey. OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported physical activity, sedentary behaviours, dietary habits and BMI. Other measures included general health; barriers and motivations for a healthy lifestyle, perceived social and physical environmental characteristics; the availability of transport modes and their use to specific destinations; self-defined neighbourhood boundaries and items related to residential selection. RESULTS: Across five countries, residents from low-SES neighbourhoods ate less fruit and vegetables, drank more sugary drinks and had a consistently higher BMI. SES differences in sedentary behaviours were observed in France, with residents from higher SES neighbourhoods reporting to sit more. Residents from low-density neighbourhoods were less physically active than those from high-density neighbourhoods; during leisure time and (most pronounced) for transport (except for Belgium). BMI differences by residential density were inconsistent across all countries. CONCLUSIONS: The SPOTLIGHT survey provides an original approach for investigating relations between environmental characteristics, obesity-related behaviours and obesity in Europe. First descriptive results indicate considerable differences in health behaviours and BMI between countries and neighbourhood types

The SPOTLIGHT virtual audit tool: a valid and reliable tool to assess obesogenic characteristics of the built environment.

BACKGROUND: A lack of physical activity and overconsumption of energy dense food is associated with overweight and obesity. The neighbourhood environment may stimulate or hinder the development and/or maintenance of a healthy lifestyle. To improve research on the obesogenicity of neighbourhood environments, reliable, valid and convenient assessment methods of potential obesogenic characteristics of neighbourhood environments are needed. This study examines the reliability and validity of the SPOTLIGHT-Virtual Audit Tool (S-VAT), which uses remote sensing techniques (Street View feature in Google Earth) for desk-based assessment of environmental obesogenicity. METHODS: A total of 128 street segments in four Dutch urban neighbourhoods - heterogeneous in socio-economic status and residential density - were assessed using the S-VAT. Environmental characteristics were categorised as walking related items, cycling related items, public transport, aesthetics, land use-mix, grocery stores, food outlets and physical activity facilities. To assess concordance of inter- and intra-observer reliability of the Street View feature in Google Earth, and validity scores with real life audits, percentage agreement and Cohen's Kappa (k) were calculated. RESULTS: Intra-observer reliability was high and ranged from 91.7% agreement (k = 0.654) to 100% agreement (k = 1.000) with an overall agreement of 96.4% (k = 0.848). Inter-observer reliability results ranged from substantial agreement 78.6% (k = 0.440) to high agreement, 99.2% (k = 0.579), with an overall agreement of 91.5% (k = 0.595). Criterion validity was substantial to high for most of the categories ranging from 87.3% agreement (k = 0.539) to 99.9% agreement (k = 0.887) with an overall score of 95.6% agreement (k = 0.747). CONCLUSION: These study results suggest that the S-VAT is a highly reliable and valid remote sensing tool to assess potential obesogenic environmental characteristics

Représenter l’évolution démographique en Tunisie (1975-2004): quelles cartes dynamiques?

Pour réaliser des cartes dynamiques rendant compte de l’évolution temporelle, il ne suffit pas de les animer et de les rendre interactives. Il faut aussi harmoniser les données statistiques et les découpages territoriaux. La conception de cartes dynamiques pour étudier l’évolution de la structure par âge de la population des gouvernorats tunisiens sur une trentaine d’années (1975-2004) nous permet d’illustrer cette démarche

Political Disenchantment in Post-Revolutionary Tunisia in the Light of Electoral Processes

International audienc

Communalisation des zones rurales et gouvernance locale : Enjeux et paradoxes de la réforme territoriale dans la Tunisie post-révolution

International audienc

Enjeux des élections locales en Afrique du Nord. Comparaison Tunisie/ Algérie

International audienc

Une analyse comparative des territorialités du vote au Maroc et en Tunisie : trajectoires politiques et électorales

International audienc