Explorando nuevas facetas en el papel de los alimentos funcionales/ nutracéuticos en la salud humana: una mirada a las setas comestibles-medicinales

International audienc

Mycelia from Pleurotus sp. (oyster mushroom): a new wave of antimicrobials, anticancer and antioxidant bio-ingredients

International audienceBackground-There has been an upsurge of interest in mushrooms, such as Pleurotus species, as an important source of bioactive compounds. Mycelia-submerged culture represents a promising approach to search new safe and healthy myco-products with standardized quality in addition to mushroom fruiting bodies. Methods-The study examined the in vitro antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant activities of a hot-water extract from Pleurotus sp. mycelium. The antimicrobial activity was screened through the activation of the microbial autolytic system of four bacteria and four yeast strains. The anti-proliferative effects on NB4 human leukemia cells were measured by flow-cytometry analyses. The antioxidant activity was investigated by the scavenging of DPPH and ABTS radicals, the reducing power and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Results and discussion-The extract activated the microbial autolytic system of eight strains: seven autolyzing strains with intensity values (Is) ranging from 2.7% in Candida sp. to 36.1% in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Thus, the microbial autolytic system of the strains tested (including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as yeasts) could be activated in vitro by mycelial extract. Pleurotus extract reduced the viability of NB4 leukemia cells, particularly at the concentration of 200 μg/mL to 82% compared to control cells, and induced apoptosis demonstrated by an increase in annexin V-FITC+ cells (25% at 200 μg/mL). At 10 mg/mL, the extract showed the most potent scavenging effects for DPPH and ABTS radicals (96% and 55%, respectively) and the inhibition of lipid peroxidation (52%). The mushroom extract at 5 mg/mL manifested reducing power of 1.105. Although carbohydrates (76.8%, w/w) appear to be the most important bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, like phenolics, would also contribute to the antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities. Conclusions-The hot-water extract obtained from Pleurotus mycelium, in light of its in vitro antimicrobial, antitumor and antioxidant effects could be considered a good candidate for developing nutraceuticals and for designing innovative myco-therapeutics and phytocosmetics applications

Evaluación de la actividad inmunomoduladora de bioproductos obtenidos de la seta comestible-medicinal Pleurotus ostreatus

International audienceEdible mushrooms are an important source for obtaining novel substances of nutritional and biopharmaceutical interest. In this regard, in Cuba, the consumption of mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus spp. has been promoted as part of the Urban Agriculture Program. Taking advantage of its availability and considering previous reports on their content of compounds with potential application, in this work, there was investigated the immunomodulatory and immunonutrition properties of biopreparations from this mushroom. New methodologies were developed to generate biopreparations from the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus. The obtained bioproducts were generated by biomass aqueous extraction and/or drying, which led to the registration of the NutriSetas® tradename. The bioproducts contained mainly carbohydrates (including ß-glucans) and proteins, among other secondary metabolites with potential biological activity. They showed M1-polarizing effects on macrophage populations, and the aqueous fraction obtained from the mycelium by submerged fermentation was able to stimulate the complement system alternative pathway. Noteworthy, the aqueous extract displayed radioprotective effects on the hematopoietic and immunological parameters when administered in a mice biomodel of ionizing radiation-induced secondary immunodeficiency. Similar immunostimulatory effects, either in the humoral or cellular immune responses, were found with dry and powdered preparations from fruiting bodies. Their immunonutritional effect in an experimental model of protein-energetic malnutrition in Balb/c mice evidenced nutritional recovery and immunological improvement status. This provided the first report of such an effect for edible mushroom preparations. This work received the Annual Award of the Cuban Academy of Sciences for the year 2017.Los hongos comestibles son una fuente importante para la obtención de nuevas sustancias de interés nutricional y biofarmacéutico. En Cuba se ha promovido el consumo de hongos del género Pleurotus spp. como parte del Programa de Agricultura Urbana. En este trabajo se investigó las propiedades inmunomoduladoras e inmunonutricionales de preparaciones de este hongo, dada su disponibilidad y los informes previos sobre su contenido de compuestos con potencial aplicación para estos fines. Se establecieron nuevas metodologías para obtener biopreparaciones a partir del micelio y de los cuerpos fructíferos de Pleurotus spp., mediante la extracción acuosa de biomasa, el secado, o ambos, lo cual derivó en el registro de la marca comercial NutriSetas®. Los bioproductos contuvieron principalmente carbohidratos (incluidos los ß-glucanos) y proteínas, entre otros metabolitos secundarios con actividad biológica potencial. Las preparaciones tuvieron un efecto polarizador hacia fenotipo M1 en poblacionesde macrófagos, y la fracción acuosa obtenida del micelio mediante fermentación sumergida estimuló la ruta alternativa de activación del sistema del complemento. Notablemente, el extracto acuoso tuvo efecto radioprotector en los parámetros hematopoyéticos e inmunológicos al administrarlo en biomodelos de inmunodeficiencia secundaria inducida por radiación ionizante en ratones. Las preparaciones secas y en polvo de cuerpos fructíferos fueron igualmente inmunoestimuladoras de la respuesta inmune humoral y celular. Se evidenció su efecto inmunonutricional enun modelo de malnutrición proteica-energética en ratones Balb/c. Este fue el primer informe de tales efectos para preparaciones de hongos comestibles. Este trabajo mereció el Premio Anual de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba para el año 201

Evaluación de la actividad inmunomoduladora de bioproductos obtenidos de la seta comestible-medicinal Pleurotus ostreatus

International audienceEdible mushrooms are an important source for obtaining novel substances of nutritional and biopharmaceutical interest. In this regard, in Cuba, the consumption of mushrooms of the genus Pleurotus spp. has been promoted as part of the Urban Agriculture Program. Taking advantage of its availability and considering previous reports on their content of compounds with potential application, in this work, there was investigated the immunomodulatory and immunonutrition properties of biopreparations from this mushroom. New methodologies were developed to generate biopreparations from the mycelium and fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus. The obtained bioproducts were generated by biomass aqueous extraction and/or drying, which led to the registration of the NutriSetas® tradename. The bioproducts contained mainly carbohydrates (including ß-glucans) and proteins, among other secondary metabolites with potential biological activity. They showed M1-polarizing effects on macrophage populations, and the aqueous fraction obtained from the mycelium by submerged fermentation was able to stimulate the complement system alternative pathway. Noteworthy, the aqueous extract displayed radioprotective effects on the hematopoietic and immunological parameters when administered in a mice biomodel of ionizing radiation-induced secondary immunodeficiency. Similar immunostimulatory effects, either in the humoral or cellular immune responses, were found with dry and powdered preparations from fruiting bodies. Their immunonutritional effect in an experimental model of protein-energetic malnutrition in Balb/c mice evidenced nutritional recovery and immunological improvement status. This provided the first report of such an effect for edible mushroom preparations. This work received the Annual Award of the Cuban Academy of Sciences for the year 2017.Los hongos comestibles son una fuente importante para la obtención de nuevas sustancias de interés nutricional y biofarmacéutico. En Cuba se ha promovido el consumo de hongos del género Pleurotus spp. como parte del Programa de Agricultura Urbana. En este trabajo se investigó las propiedades inmunomoduladoras e inmunonutricionales de preparaciones de este hongo, dada su disponibilidad y los informes previos sobre su contenido de compuestos con potencial aplicación para estos fines. Se establecieron nuevas metodologías para obtener biopreparaciones a partir del micelio y de los cuerpos fructíferos de Pleurotus spp., mediante la extracción acuosa de biomasa, el secado, o ambos, lo cual derivó en el registro de la marca comercial NutriSetas®. Los bioproductos contuvieron principalmente carbohidratos (incluidos los ß-glucanos) y proteínas, entre otros metabolitos secundarios con actividad biológica potencial. Las preparaciones tuvieron un efecto polarizador hacia fenotipo M1 en poblacionesde macrófagos, y la fracción acuosa obtenida del micelio mediante fermentación sumergida estimuló la ruta alternativa de activación del sistema del complemento. Notablemente, el extracto acuoso tuvo efecto radioprotector en los parámetros hematopoyéticos e inmunológicos al administrarlo en biomodelos de inmunodeficiencia secundaria inducida por radiación ionizante en ratones. Las preparaciones secas y en polvo de cuerpos fructíferos fueron igualmente inmunoestimuladoras de la respuesta inmune humoral y celular. Se evidenció su efecto inmunonutricional enun modelo de malnutrición proteica-energética en ratones Balb/c. Este fue el primer informe de tales efectos para preparaciones de hongos comestibles. Este trabajo mereció el Premio Anual de la Academia de Ciencias de Cuba para el año 201