The effect of noise on the secretion of ACTH, cortisol and catecholamines

Buka je stresni činilac koji stimuliše hipotalamičko-hipofizosuprarenalnu osovinu, srž nadbubrežne žlezde i simpatički nervni sistem. Sledstveno tome dolazi do povišenja nivoa cirkulišućih »stresnih« hormona: ACTH, kortizola, adrenalina i noradrenalina. Buka je izrazitiji stresni faktor za eksperimentalne životinje nego za ljude. Nepoznat jak zvuk prouzrokuje strah u životinja, i pojačava stresno delovanje buke za sebe. Tokom akustičkih istraživanja na ljudima, »stres iščekivanja« mora se umanjiti potpunim upoznavanjem ispitanika o cilju i toku eksperimenta i neškodljivosti za njihovo zdravlje. Formatio reticularis, colliculus inferior laminae quadrigeminae mesencephali i corpus geniculatum mediale, mogli bi biti putevi prenosa nervnih impulsa sa akustičkog puta na hipotalamus pod dejstvom jake buke.Noise is a stress factor which stimulates the hypothalamopituitary-adrenal axis, the medulla of the suprarenal gland, and the sympathetic nervous system. Consequently, there occurs an increase in the release of circulating »stress« hormones: ACTH, cortisol, adrenaline and noradrenaline. The effect of noise ds likely to be more pronounced in experimental animals than in man. An unknown intense sound provokes fear in animals, and increases the stress effect of noise. In acoustic studies in humans »the expecting stress« must be reduced to a minimum by fully anforming the examinee about the aim and course of the experiment, and about the non-harmful effect on health. The reticular formation, colliculus inferior laminae quadrigeminae mesencephali, and corpus geniculatum mediale might be the ways for relaying nervous impulses from acoustic pathways to the hypothalamus under intense noise

Kardiometabolički rizik u gradske djece u Crnoj Gori - povezanost s pretilošću i spolom

Considering previously reported discrepant results in the literature, we aimed to investigate the impact of gender and overweight/obesity on cardiometabolic risk (CMR) among Montenegrin urban children. The cross-sectional study included random sample of 201 schoolchildren aged 7-12 years (64% of boys) from Podgorica. Children’s nutritional status was determined according to the International Obesity Task Force criteria. CMR was assessed using a sum of z values of the following five indicators: glucose, total cholesterol, inverted value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and hypertension. Higher CMR was found among both overweight and obese boys compared to normal weight boys (p<0.001). The effect size of the difference in CMR between overweight and obese girls and normal weight counterparts was less prominent (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that body mass index was independent predictor of high CMR [odds ratio (OR)=1.06; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-1.10); p=0.002]. On the contrary, we found no impact of socioeconomic status, physical activity or sedentary time on CMR in the examined cohort of schoolchildren. In conclusion, both overweight and obesity even among young population are related to higher CMR and this effect is more prominent among boys as compared to girls.Imajući u vidu oprečne podatke iz literature, cilj našega istraživanja je bio ispitati utjecaj spola i pretilosti na kardiometabolički rizik (KMR) kod gradske djece u Crnoj Gori. Studija presjeka je obuhvatila slučajni uzorak od 201 učenika u dobi od 7-12 godina (64% dječaci) iz Podgorice. Nutritivni status djece procijenjen je prema kriterijima International Obesity Task Force. KMR je izračunat kao zbir z vrijednosti dobivenih zbrajanjem 5 parametara: glukoze, ukupnog kolesterola, inverzne koncentracije kolesterola u lipoproteinima visoke gustoće, triglicerida i visokog krvog tlaka. Pretili i debeli dječaci su imali veći KMR u usporedbi s normalno uhranjenim dječacima (p<0,001). Ova razlika u KMR bila je manje izražena kod pretilih i debelih djevojčica (p<0,05) u usporedbi s normalno uhranjenim djevojčicama. Logistička regresija je pokazala da je indeks tjelesne mase nezavisan prediktor povećanog KMR [OR=1,06; (95% CI=1,02-1,10), p=0,002]. Nasuprot tome, nismo utvrdili utjecaj socio-ekonomskog statusa, fizičke aktivnosti ili sedentarnog načina života na povećan KMR u ispitivanoj kohorti djece. U zaključku, postoji povezanost pretilosti i KMR čak i u dječjoj populaciji, ali je taj učinak izraženiji kod dječaka u usporedbi s djevojčicama

Korelati sindroma izgaranja među beogradskim studentima medicine - studija presjeka

Main objective: There are still gaps in the knowledge about the factors that influence burnout among medical students. This study examines the relationship between the length of medical studies, academic achievement, self-estimated health and burnout. Sample: We administered an anonymous questionnaire to 769 second-year and sixthyear medical students (69.2 % females) to collect data on age, sex, length of study, average grade, and self-estimated mental and physical health. Methods: The students completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) on emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA) subscales. Results: The sophomores experienced a higher level of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment compared to the students in the sixth year (MBI scores – EE /29.03±11.02 vs. 23.73±10.91/; DP /16.23±5.95 vs. 13.93±5.82/ PA /32.26±7.18 vs. 30.46±7.91/ respectively, all p < 0.001). The poorer self-estimated mental and physical health, in comparison to the period before their studies, was positively related to the scores on EE (ρ =0.381 and 0.257, respectively) and DP subscales (ρ =0.296 and 0.209, respectively) and negatively to PA subscale (ρ =-0.211 and -0.121, respectively, all p <0.001). The higher the average grade, the lower depersonalization and the higher personal accomplishment were found among the students (ρ = -0.094 and 0.121, respectively; p < 0,05). Low self-estimated health status and poorer academic achievement were the main explanatory factors of a high burnout level in a multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: The burnout syndrome is more pronounced at the beginning of medical studies compared to the final years. A high level of burnout is mainly influenced by low self-estimated health status and worse academic achievementGlavni cilj: još uvijek postoje praznine u znanju o čimbenicima koji utječu na burnout (sindrom izgaranja) među studentima medicine. Ova studija ispituje odnos između duljine medicinskih studija, akademskoga postignuća, samoprocjene zdravlja i izgaranja. Uzorak: Primijenili smo anonimni upitnik među 769 studenata druge godine i šeste godine (69,2 % žena) radi prikupljanja podataka o dobi, spolu, duljini studija, prosječnoj ocjeni i samoprocjeni o mentalnom i tjelesnom zdravlju. Studenti su ispunili Maslach Burnout Inventory upitnik (MBI) o emocionalnoj iscrpljenosti (EE), depersonalizaciji (DP) i osobnim postignućima (PA). Studenti druge godine doživjeli su veću emocionalnu iscrpljenost i depersonalizaciju i niže osobno postignuće u usporedbi sa studentima šeste godine (MBI ocjene - EE /29,03 %, 11,02 nasuprot 16,23 ± 5,95 /; DP / 32,26 ±7,18 nasuprot 23,73 ± 10,91 / PA / 13,93 ± 5,82 nasuprot 30,46 ± 7,91 / svi p <0,001). Pogoršanje samoprocjene mentalnoga i tjelesnoga zdravlja u odnosu na razdoblje prije istraživanja pozitivno se odnosilo na rezultate na EE (ρ = 0,381 i 0,257, i potkategorije DP (ρ = 0,296, odnosno 0,209, respektivno) i negativno na potkategoriju PA (ρ =-0.211, odnosno -0.121, svi p <0,001). Što je viša prosječna ocjena, to je bila niža depersonalizacija i viši osobni uspjeh među ispitanim studentima (ρ = -0.094, odnosno 0,121; p <0,05). Zaljučak: Sindrom izgaranja izraženiji je među studentima prve godine medicine u odnosu na studente završne godine studija. Bolje akademsko postignuće zaštita je od izgaranja, a samoprocjena tjelesnoga i mentalnoga zdravlja visoko je u korelaciji sa simptomima izgaranj

Djelovanje prometne buke na spavanje gradskoga stanovništva

Urban noise is an important environmental stressor, and sleep disturbance is its major health effect. Substantial inter-individual variance in these effects might partly be explained by different sensitivity to noise. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of urban noise on sleep and the relation between selfestimated sensitivity to noise and sleep disturbance. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was performed on 911 adult residents of Niš, Serbia, of whom 388 were men (42.6 %) and 523 women (57.4 %). The streets were regarded as noisy if night equivalent noise level (Leq) was higher than 45 dB(A) and quiet if night Leq was ≤45 dB(A). Noise sensitivity was measured with the Weinstein’s Noise Sensitivity Scale. The study showed that respondents from noisy area significantly more often reported difficulty in falling asleep, being woken up, poor sleep quality, tiredness after sleep, and use of sleep medication than residents from quiet streets (p<0.001). Noise sensitivity significantly correlated with sleep disturbances (p<0.001).Gradska buka je važan ekološki stresni činilac, a poremećaji spavanja su njezin najvažniji učinak na zdravlje ljudi. Velika interindividualna varijacija ovih učinaka može se djelomično objasniti osobnom osjetljivošću na buku. Cilj ove studije bio je procijeniti utjecaj gradske buke na spavanje i povezanost osobne procjene osjetljivosti na buku s poremećajima spavanja. Studija presjeka putem upitnika provedena je na 911 odraslih stanovnika Niša, Srbija, od čega 388 muških (42,6%) i 523 ženska (57,4%). Upotrijebljen je upitnik o poremećajima spavanja. Osjetljivost na buku mjerena je Weinsteinovom skalom osjetljivosti na buku. Na osnovi rezultata mjerenja buke, ulice grada Niša označene su kao bučne [noćni ekvivalentni nivo buke (Leq)>45 dB(A)] i kao tihe [noćni Leq≤45 dB(A)]. Studija je pokazala da su ispitanici iz bučnih ulica izjavili da imaju značajno više teškoća u uspavljivanju, više buđenja, slabiju subjektivnu kvalitetu spavanja, izraženiji umor poslije spavanja i da češće uzimaju lijekove za uspavljivanje u usporedbi sa stanovnicima iz tihih ulica (p<0,001). Osjetljivost na buku je bila značajno povezana s poremećajima spavanja (p<0,001)

Predictors of burnout among Belgrade veterinary students: A cross-sectional study

Background To the best of our knowledge, studies are lacking on burnout among veterinary students in Serbia, and this is the first study trying to address such a problem. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the predictors of burnout among Belgrade veterinary students. Methods Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and anonymous structured questionnaire addressed to personal data, health habits and stressful influence of educational process were applied among 496 respondents from a total of 1113 students from all grades in spring semester 2014 (response rate 44.6%). Results The prevalence of burnout was 43.3%. High scores on depersonalization and emotional exhaustion scales of MBI were found among 79.4% and 45.0% students, respectively; low personal accomplishment was reported by 50.5% students. Female students reported higher levels of emotional exhaustion compared to males (p = 0.012). A low score on personal achievement scale of MBI was least frequent among the freshmen and most frequent among sophomores (41.1% and 65.3%, respectively; p = 0.986). There were more students with burnout who considered their health as a worsened vs. pre-study period compared to students with no burnout, both concerning mental (61.4% vs. 38.6%) and physical health (61.1% vs. 38.9%; both p lt 0.001). There were more smokers among students who suffered from burnout compared to students who did not (52.0% vs. 48.0%; p = 0.013). A multiple regression revealed an independent dose-response effect of perceived stress at exams on the onset of burnout (moderate stress OR = 2.164 and high stress OR = 3.878). Also, students with the moderate and high stressful effect of communication with teaching staff, as well as, those with worse self-perceived physical and mental health had more than two times higher presence of burnout. Conclusions The prevalence of burnout among Belgrade veterinary students is relatively high. Primary prevention should be focused on the revealed predictors of burnout

The effects of a programme of health preventive measures in a textile plant

Terenski eksperiment, u trajanju od dva meseca, sproveden je u Beogradskom vunarskom kombinatu, na uzorku od 95 tkalja i šivačica. Eksperimentalnu grupu činile su 54 radnice, na kojima je primenjen program preventivnih zdravstvenih mera, i to: optimalna zaštita sluha kombinacijom ušnog štitnika i vate, miniprogrami individualnih gimnastičkih vežbi protiv zamora na radnom mestu, dijetetski preparat Vitamalt, Pliva, uziman kao obrok pre početka rada i mineralna voda Donat-Mg, Zdravilišče Rogaška Slatina, kao prirodni suplement magnezijuma. Pojedine mere iz programa prihvatilo je i redovno sprovodilo 85-94% radnica. Zabeležen je značajan efekat programa na smanjenje umora na poslu i poboljšanje subjektivne ocene zadovoljstva poslom. U pogledu produktivnosti, u eksperimentalnoj grupi zapažen je trend povećanja, ali bez statističke značajnosti.A two-month field experiment was carried out on a sample of 95 women spinners and weavers in a textile plant. In the experimental group, which consisted of 54 workers, a programme of four preventive health measures was applied. The workers were asked to wear a combination of ear-muffs and cotton-wool offering optimal hearing protection and to take up individual mini programmes of physical exercise at work; they were offered a meal of the Pliva dietetic preparation Vitamalt before work and Donat-Mg natural mineral water from Zdravilisce Rogaška Slatina as a magnesium supplement. The measures from the programme were accepted and respected by 85-94% of the workers. As a result, fatigue at work was significantly reduced, and the subjectively estimated work satisfaction was markedly improved. A statistically insignificant trend towards the rise of productivity was also noticed during the period of programme application

Burden of myocardial infarction attributable to road-traffic noise: A pilot study in Belgrade

The aim of this pilot study was to calculate the disability-adjusted life years (DALY) as a quantification of the burden of myocardial infarction (MI) attributable to road-traffic noise in Belgrade, Serbia. Exposure to road-traffic noise was estimated on a sample of almost 6000 adult inhabitants living in the central municipality Stari Grad in Belgrade, Serbia. Each participant was assigned to daytime noise levels for 16 h exposure measured on the street of current residence. Population-attributable fraction of MI due to road-traffic noise was calculated based on the distribution of the population in different noise exposure categories and the respective relative risk of MI compared to the reference level. DALYs due to noise-related MI were calculated as the sum of years of life lost and years with disability. The contribution of road traffic noise to the occurrence of MI for the population of the municipality Stari Grad in Belgrade equals 2.518%. Total DALY for MI due to road-traffic noise results in 176 years, that is, 115 years for men and 61 years for women. When adjusted for the present size of the population in Belgrade, total DALY due to road-traffic noise equals 107 years/million inhabitants that is, 70/million inhabitants for men and 37/million inhabitants for women. The burden of disease due to road-traffic noise in Belgrade is relatively small but noteworthy from the public health point of view

Working conditions in the textile industry and absenteeism among female workers

Istraživanje je sprovedeno u RO -Beogradski vunarski kombinat-, u obliku retrospektivne epidemiološke studije za trogodišnji period (1985-1987) na uzorku od 134 proizvodne radnice. Utvrđene su sledeće statistički značajne činjenice: u povoljnim uslovima rada (išivačnice) starije radnice (iznad 35 god.) duže su odsustvovale zbog bolesti; broj mlađih radnica koje su odsustvovale zbog bolesti rastao je sa sve težim uslovima rada (tkačnice u odnosu na išivačnice); respiratorna oboljenja bila su najčešći uzrok odsustvovanja s posla zbog bolesti; sve teži uslovi rada uticali su na strukturu morbiditeta - uzroka apsentizma tako što se povećavalo učešće mentalnih poremećaja kod mladih radnica (ispod 35 god.), a bolesti lokomotornog i kardiovaskularnog sistema kod starijih; kod mladih radnica postoji trend povećanja težine i učestalosti povređivanja - uzroka odsustvovanja, u korelaciji sa sve težim uslovima rada; u izrazito teškim uslovima rada (tkačnice), mlađe radnice su se tri puta češće povređivale i duže odsustvovale s posla zbog povrede nego starije tekstilne radnice.A study was performed in the -Belgrade Wool Co.- as a retrospective epidemiological investigation, for a three-year period (1985 -1987), on a sample of 134 blue-collar female workers. The following statistically significant facts were established: in favourable working conditions (sewing department) the older workers (above the age of 35 years) were absent from work because of illness longer than the younger workers; the number of the younger workers (age 35 years or under) with sick absences increased as working conditions worsened (wool-mills compared to sewing departments). Respiratory diseases made the most frequent cause of absence from work. Harder working conditions influenced the morbidity structure as cause of absenteeism resulting in the rise of prevalence of mental disorders among the younger workers, and of locomotor and circulatory diseases among the older ones. The younger workers showed a rising trend in the severity and frequency of injuries as causes of absence from work, which correlated with the degree of deterioration of working conditions. Finally, under extremely hard working conditions (wool-mills) the rate of occupationally induced injuries among the younger workers was as much as three times higher than among the older ones, and the duration of sick absences was longer