Post-vaccination and post-infectious immune response against new coronavirus infection on the background of obesity and overweight

In the fall of 2019, global health was confronted with a new RNA virus — severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 SARS-CoV-2. Against the background of the rapid spread of infection, research centers around the world began to develop specific vaccines against COVID-19, using the accumulated experience and empirical data on the stereotypes of the structure and physiology of other viral agents of this family (severe acute respiratory syndrome virus (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). However, even before the development of anti-COVID vaccines, it was suggested that they are probably less effective in a number of individuals, in particular, in people who are overweight or obese. This hypothesis arose on the basis of past studies using vaccines for other purposes in this categories of people, as well as in numerous experiments on mice, thanks to which scientists came to the conclusion that, due to an excess amount of adipose tissue in the body, there is a state of a permanent inflammatory process, some immune dysfunction, and, as a result, a reduced local and systemic response. resistance against bacterial and viral agents.In this literature review, using current publications obtained by searching for “covid-19 vaccination and obesity” and “vaccination and obesity” in the PubMed databases and “covid-19 vaccination and obesity” and “vaccination and obesity” in the e- Library discusses changes in the immune response both to infection itself and to immunization in the presence of overweight or obesity

Influence of antibiotic therapy on indicators of endotoxinemia and systemic inflammation in acute SARS-CoV-2 lung damage

Background. Prescribing antibacterial drugs for the treatment of a new coronavirus infection at the outpatient stage is often unreasonable and can also lead to an aggravation of the patient’s condition due to the effect of this group of drugs on the intestinal microflora and lead to other undesirable effects.The aim: to assess the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and indicators of systemic inflammation in patients with moderate viral SARS-CoV-2 lung disease on the background of antibiotic therapy.Materials and methods. 60 patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department with a positive PCR result for SARS-CoV-2 in the age group 44–70 years old were examined. The patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 26) – patients who did not receive antibacterial drugs at the outpatient stage, group 2 (n = 34) – patients who received antibiotic therapy. The control group was also selected (n = 20). Patients underwent a study of the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), ferritin and C-reactive protein in the peripheral blood.Results. In the group of patients with new coronavirus infection who were admitted to the inpatient stage of treatment and received antibacterial therapy at the outpatient stage, a significantly higher levels of LBP – 37.3 [13.8; 50.4] µg/ml (p˂0.05) and ferritin – 276.00 [184.00; 463.00] µg/ml (p˂0.05) were revealed, compared with group 1 and the control group.Conclusions. In the group of patients who received antibiotic therapy at the outpatient stage, a significantly higher level of LBP was revealed compared to the group in which this group of drugs was not used. These results indicate the possible impact of uncontrolled and early intake of antibacterial drugs on the gut microbiome and intestinal permeability, and also prove the need for a more responsible approach to the choice of starting therapy for new coronavirus infection

Эффективность применения селективного ингибитора фосфодиэстеразы 4 в комплексной терапии больных с перекрестным синдромом бронхиальная астма / хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (overlap синдром)

The purpose of the study was to investigate effects of roflumilast on the level of control, systemic inflammation markers, general and mucosal humoral anti-endotoxin immunity in patients with asthma–COPD overlap syndrome (ACOS). Methods. Forty patients with ACOS were involved. All the patients were treated with a standard therapy. Of them, 20 patients received roflumilast additionally during 1 month. Clinical parameters were analyzed using ACQ Elizabeth Juniper questionnaire, mMRC scale and spirometry. Anti-endotoxin antibodies A, M, G classes and C-reactive protein were measured by ELISA. Results. Additional administration of roflumilast significantly improved control of the disease, reduced systemic inflammation and improved mucosal anti-endotoxin immunity in patients ACOS with neutrophil inflammation. Six-month follow-up showed that the effect prolonged in 15.8% of the patients. Conclusion. Efficacy and duration of effects of roflumilast in ACOS patients requires further research.Цель исследования – изучение влияния дополнительного применения селективного ингибитора ФДЭ-4 в комбинированной терапии у больных с перекрестным синдромом бронхиальная астма – хроническая обструктивная болезнь легких (СПБАХ) на клинические параметры, маркеры системного воспаления, состояние местного и общего гуморального антиэдотоксинового иммунитета. Были обследованы 40 больных, у которых присутствовали характерные признаки БА и ХОБЛ. Все пациенты были разделены на 2 группы: 1-я группа (n = 20) получала комбинированную терапию; 2-я группа (n = 20) дополнительно к комбинированной терапии получала рофлумиласт в течение 1 мес. Анализ клинических параметров осуществлялся с помощью опросника ACQ Elizabeth Juniper, шкалы одышки mMRC, проводилось спирометрическое исследование. Уровни антиэндотоксиновых антител классов А, М, G, С-реактивный белок определялись методом твердофазного иммуноферментного анализа. Установлено, что дополнительное назначение рофлумиласта привело к достоверному улучшению уровня контроля, снижению системного воспаления, улучшению состояния мукозального антиэндотоксинового иммунитета у больных СПБАХ с преимущественно нейтрофильным компонентом воспаления. При этом динамическое наблюдение (в течение 6 мес.) показало сохранение эффекта у 15,8 % больных 2-й группы, что требует дальнейших научных исследований относительно длительности и эффективности применения рофлумиласта у данной категории больных

Верификация телекоммуникационных систем, специфицированных взаимодействующими конечными автоматами, с помощью раскрашенных сетей Петри

Uniform systems of communicating extended finite automata are considered in the paper. These automata systems are useful for initial specification of telecommunication systems such as ring protocols and telephone networks. The goal of our paper is to represent an ASV tool (Automata Systems Verifier) intended for analysis and verification of the automata specifications. The ASV tool is based on the algorithm of translation of these automata systems into coloured Petri nets (CPN). This algorithm has been represented and justified in [4]. The ASV tool uses CPN Tools [10] for analysis of the net models and Petri Net Verifier [12] for their verification by the model checking method with respect to properties expressed in mu-calculus. Application of the ASV tool to ring protocol verification and investigation of feature interactions in telephone networks is described.Рассматриваются униформные системы взаимодействующих расширенных конечных автоматов, которые удобны для задания исходной спецификации телекоммуникационных систем, таких как кольцевые протоколы и телефонные сети. Цель работы - представить программный комплекс Automata Systems Verifier (ASV), предназначенный для анализа и верификации автоматных спецификаций. Он базируется на алгоритме трансляции систем автоматов в раскрашенные сети Петри (РСП), представленном и обоснованном в [4]. Для анализа РСП комплекс ASV использует систему CPN Tools [10], а для их верификации методом проверки моделей относительно свойств, заданных формулами мю-исчисления, он использует систему Petri Net Verifier [12]. Описано применение этого комплекса к верификации кольцевого RE-протокола и к исследованию взаимодействия функциональностей в телефонных сетях

Backward asymmetry measurements in the elastic pion-proton scattering at resonance energies

The asymmetry parameter P was measured for the elastic pion-proton scattering in the very backward angular region of theta_cm ~ 150-170^o at several pion beam energies in the invariant mass range containing most of the pion-proton resonances. The general goal of the experimental program was to provide new data for partial wave analyses in order to resolve their uncertainties in the baryon resonance region to allow the unambiguous baryon spectrum reconstructions. Until recently the parameter P was not measured in the examined domain that might be explained by the extremely low cross section. At the same time the predictions of various partial wave analyses are far from agreement in some kinematic areas and specifically those areas were chosen for the measurements where the disagreement is most pronouncing. The experiment was performed at the ITEP U-10 proton synchrotron, Moscow, by the ITEP-PNPI collaboration in the latest 5 years.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. to be submitted to the European Physical Journa

Photoproduction of pi0 omega off protons for E(gamma) < 3 GeV

Differential and total cross-sections for photoproduction of gamma proton to proton pi0 omega and gamma proton to Delta+ omega were determined from measurements of the CB-ELSA experiment, performed at the electron accelerator ELSA in Bonn. The measurements covered the photon energy range from the production threshold up to 3GeV.Comment: 8 pages, 13 figure

Photoproduction of meson pairs: First measurement of the polarization observable I^s

The polarization observable I^s, a feature exclusive to the acoplanar kinematics of multi-meson final states produced via linearly polarized photons, has been measured for the first time. Results for the reaction g p -> p pi0 eta are presented for incoming photon energies between 970 MeV and 1650 MeV along with the beam asymmetry I^c. The comparably large asymmetries demonstrate a high sensitivity of I^s to the dynamics of the reaction. Fits using Bonn-Gatchina partial wave analysis demonstrate that the new polarization observables carry significant information on the contributing partial waves.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, v2 to appear in Phys. Lett.

Photoproduction of eta mesons off protons for photon energies from 0.75 GeV to 3 GeV

Total and differential cross sections for the reaction p(gamma, eta)p have been measured for photon energies in the range from 750 MeV to 3 GeV. The low-energy data are dominated by the S11 wave which has two poles in the energy region below 2 GeV. Eleven nucleon resonances are observed in their decay into p eta. At medium energies we find evidence for a new resonance N(2070)D15 with (mass, width) = (2068+-22, 295+-40) MeV. At photon energies above 1.5 GeV, a strong peak in forward direction develops, signalling the exchange of vector mesons in the t channel.Comment: LaTeX, 4 pages including 4 eps-figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. The publication of hep-ex/0311045 is accompanied by hep-ex/0407022 on photoproduction of neutral pions, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. Fits published in the latest version are based on additional data, new beam asymmetry data from GRAAL are included, for instance. The data demanded more resonant contributions which were studied in detail. PWA reference adde

Neutral pion photoproduction off protons in the energy range 0.3 GeV < E(gamma) < 3 GeV

Single pi0 photoproduction has been studied with the CB-ELSA experiment at Bonn using tagged photon energies between 0.3 and 3.0 GeV. The experimental setup covers a very large solid angle of about 98% of 4 pi. Differential cross sections (d sigma)/(d Omega) have been measured. Complicated structures in the angular distributions indicate a variety of different resonances being produced in the s channel intermediate state gamma p --> N* (Delta*) --> p pi0. A combined analysis including the data presented in this letter along with other data sets reveals contributions from known resonances and evidence for a new resonance N(2070)D15.Comment: LaTeX file, 4 pages, 4 encapsulated postscript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett. The publication of hep-ex/0407022 is accompanied by hep-ex/0311045 on photoproduction of eta mesons. Reference [3]: changed, reference [17]: citation added. Figure 3, 4: SAID added up to 2 GeV for comparison, update