Love or politics? Political views regarding the war in Ukraine in an online dating experiment

How polarized is Russian society regarding the war in Ukraine? Political views affect various behaviors, including relationship formation. This study conducts a field experiment on a large Russian dating site and gathers data from over 3,000 profile evaluations. The findings reveal significant penalties for those who express pro-war or anti-war positions on their dating profiles. Age emerges as the most polarizing factor: younger individuals are less likely to approach pro-war profiles but not anti-war ones, whereas older individuals are less likely to respond positively to profiles indicating anti-war views but not pro-war ones. The results align with survey evidence of a positive relationship between respondents' age and expressed support for the war in Russia, although the experiment indicates a higher degree of polarization. Overall, the experimental findings demonstrate that survey data can reveal trends and relationships between individuals' characteristics and their opinions, but may overstate the levels of support for government agendas in non-democratic states

Love or politics? Political views regarding the war in Ukraine in an online dating experiment

How polarized is Russian society regarding the war in Ukraine? Political views have an impact on various behaviors, including relationship formation. In this paper I study the extent of polarization in the Russian society regrading the war in Ukraine by conducting a field experiment on a large Russian dating site and collecting data on more than 3,000 profile evaluations. The findings reveal sizable penalties for those who express pro-war or anti-war positions on their dating profiles, suggesting considerable levels of polarization in the Russian society regarding the war. Age of the online dating site users is the most divisive factor, as younger individuals are less likely to approach pro-war profiles but not anti-war profiles, while older individuals are less likely to respond positively to profiles indicating anti-war views but not pro-war views

Political views regarding the war in Ukraine in an online dating experiment

How polarized is Russian society regarding the war in Ukraine? Political views affect various behaviors, including relationship formation. This study conducts a field experiment on a large Russian dating site and gathers data from over 3,000 profile evaluations. The findings reveal significant penalties for those who express pro-war or anti-war positions on their dating profiles. Age emerges as the most polarizing factor: younger individuals are less likely to approach pro-war profiles but not anti-war ones, whereas older individuals are less likely to respond positively to profiles indicating anti-war views but not pro-war ones. The results align with survey evidence of a positive relationship between respondents' age and expressed support for the war in Russia, although the experiment indicates a higher degree of polarization. Overall, the experimental findings demonstrate that survey data can reveal trends and relationships between individuals' characteristics and their opinions, but may overstate the levels of support for government agendas in non-democratic states

Marketing aspects of sustainable urban development in small towns of the Republic of Tatarstan

The article describes the concept of sustainable development and forms the criteria for sustainable development of the territory. The sustainability of the territory development should be considered from various angles, including industrial and agricultural development, the level of environmental friendliness, intersectoral and interdimensional interaction, creating the attractiveness of territories. The solution to the problems of territories attractiveness is to be found in the field of territorial marketing. The city as the pinnacle of territorial marketing requires a detailed analysis of the current state and the development of a strategy for further development. The scientific work describes an algorithm for the formation of marketing strategies for urban development. The research provides analysis of small towns development in the Republic of Tatarstan: Almetyevsk, Bolgar, Nizhnekamsk. Developing marketing strategies designed to enhance the attractiveness of small towns are identified as one of the backgrounds for creating comfortable conditions for residents and attracting tourists and professionals to improve the efficiency of the towns' resources. At the same time, it is of vital importance to analyze the internal components of the towns, pull factors for residents and tourists to form the most appropriate marketing strategy for urban development. Small towns, in contrast to megacities, have great creative and cultural potential, which allows them to find new points of attraction on their territory and strengthen the existing tourist and infrastructure facilities

Эффективность лечения туберкулеза у беременных в сравнении с больными туберкулезом без беременности

The objective of the study: to compare the effectiveness of tuberculosis chemotherapy and treatment outcomes in the pregnant patients versus those nonpregnant.Subjects and methods. Medical records of 218 HIV negative women ill with tuberculosis were analyzed: TB + Pregnancy Group included 109 pregnant tuberculosis patients; and TB Group included 109 nonpregnant female tuberculosis patients. The patients from TB Group were enrolled in order to match patients from TB + Pregnancy Group regarding the age, social status, specific features of the disease, lung tissue destruction, bacillary excretion, and drug resistance profile.During treatment of tuberculosis, 72.5% (n = 79) of patients from the main group got pregnant. Pregnancy resulted in delivery in 67.0% (n = 73) of women, and in 23.0% (n = 25) of women, it was electively terminated before the 12th week of pregnancy.First line drugs were prescribed to 55.0 and 42.2% of patients from Groups 1 and 2 (pχ2 > 0.05); combinations of first line and reserve drugs (due to resistance to isoniazid) were used in 22.0 and 37.6% (pχ2 > 0.05) respectively; and reserve drugs (due to MDR/XDR TB) were used in 22.9 and 23.9% (pχ2 > 0,05) of patients. The main course of tuberculosis treatment lasted for 11.6 ± 4.7 months in the pregnant patients and 14.3 ± 3.8 months in those nonpregnant. And pregnant patients had one forth part of their chemotherapy coinciding with their pregnancy.Results: Only pregnant patients developed hepatotoxic reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs. In HIV negative patients, treatment effectiveness was compatible in the pregnant and nonpregnant patients (58.7 ± 4.7 and 61.5 ± 4.7%, pχ2 > 0.05). Mortality due to progression of tuberculosis in the pregnant did not exceed the mortality in the nonpregnant ones (5.5 ± 2.2 and 7.4 ± 2.1%, pχ2 > 0.05). The frequency of relapses was the same in the pregnant women receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy and those nonpregnant (3.1 and 4.4%, pχ2 > 0.05).Цель исследования: сравнить эффективность химиотерапии и результаты лечения туберкулеза у женщин в зависимости от наличия беременности.Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ медицинской документации 218 женщин, больных туберкулезом с ВИЧ-негативным статусом: группа ТБ + Б ‒ 109 беременных пациенток с туберкулезом, группа ТБ ‒ 109 пациенток с туберкулезом, без беременности. Пациентки группы ТБ отобраны по принципу «копия-пара» к пациенткам группы ТБ + Б с учетом возраста, социального статуса, характера течения туберкулезного процесса, деструкции легочной ткани, бактериовыделения и спектра лекарственной устойчивости возбудителя.На фоне лечения туберкулеза беременность наступила у 72,5% (n = 79) пациенток основной группы. Беременность закончилась родами у 67,0% (n = 73) женщин, у 23,0% (n = 25) ‒ искусственным прерыванием беременности по желанию женщины в сроках до 12 нед. беременности.Лечение препаратами основного ряда назначали 55,0 и 42,2% пациенткам 1-й и 2-й групп (pχ2 > 0,05); комбинацию препаратов основного и резервного рядов (в случае лекарственной устойчивости к изониазиду) использовали 22,0 и 37,6% (pχ2 > 0,05); препаратами резерва (по поводу МЛУ/ШЛУ-ТБ) 22,9 и 23,9% (pχ2 > 0,05) пациенток. Длительность основного курса лечения туберкулеза у беременных женщин составила 11,6 ± 4,7 мес., у небеременных 14,3 ± 3,8. При этом у беременных женщин четверть курса химиотерапии пришлась на беременность.Полученные результаты. Гепатотоксические реакции на противотуберкулезные препараты имели место только у беременных. При ВИЧ-негативном статусе эффективность лечения туберкулеза у беременных сопоставима с таковой у женщин без беременности (58,7 ± 4,7 и 61,5 ± 4,7%, pχ2 > 0,05). Летальность от прогрессирования туберкулеза у беременных не превышала летальность пациенток без беременности (5,5 ± 2,2 и 7,4 ± 2,1%, pχ2 > 0,05). Развитие рецидива туберкулеза регистрировали с одинаковой частотой у женщин, которые получали противотуберкулезную терапию во время беременности, и у женщин без беременности (3,1 и 4,4%, pχ2 > 0,05)

Marketing aspects of sustainable urban development in small towns of the Republic of Tatarstan

The article describes the concept of sustainable development and forms the criteria for sustainable development of the territory. The sustainability of the territory development should be considered from various angles, including industrial and agricultural development, the level of environmental friendliness, intersectoral and interdimensional interaction, creating the attractiveness of territories. The solution to the problems of territories attractiveness is to be found in the field of territorial marketing. The city as the pinnacle of territorial marketing requires a detailed analysis of the current state and the development of a strategy for further development. The scientific work describes an algorithm for the formation of marketing strategies for urban development. The research provides analysis of small towns development in the Republic of Tatarstan: Almetyevsk, Bolgar, Nizhnekamsk. Developing marketing strategies designed to enhance the attractiveness of small towns are identified as one of the backgrounds for creating comfortable conditions for residents and attracting tourists and professionals to improve the efficiency of the towns' resources. At the same time, it is of vital importance to analyze the internal components of the towns, pull factors for residents and tourists to form the most appropriate marketing strategy for urban development. Small towns, in contrast to megacities, have great creative and cultural potential, which allows them to find new points of attraction on their territory and strengthen the existing tourist and infrastructure facilities

Effectiveness of tuberculosis treatment in the pregnant tuberculosis patients versus those nonpregnant

The objective of the study: to compare the effectiveness of tuberculosis chemotherapy and treatment outcomes in the pregnant patients versus those nonpregnant.Subjects and methods. Medical records of 218 HIV negative women ill with tuberculosis were analyzed: TB + Pregnancy Group included 109 pregnant tuberculosis patients; and TB Group included 109 nonpregnant female tuberculosis patients. The patients from TB Group were enrolled in order to match patients from TB + Pregnancy Group regarding the age, social status, specific features of the disease, lung tissue destruction, bacillary excretion, and drug resistance profile.During treatment of tuberculosis, 72.5% (n = 79) of patients from the main group got pregnant. Pregnancy resulted in delivery in 67.0% (n = 73) of women, and in 23.0% (n = 25) of women, it was electively terminated before the 12th week of pregnancy.First line drugs were prescribed to 55.0 and 42.2% of patients from Groups 1 and 2 (pχ2 > 0.05); combinations of first line and reserve drugs (due to resistance to isoniazid) were used in 22.0 and 37.6% (pχ2 > 0.05) respectively; and reserve drugs (due to MDR/XDR TB) were used in 22.9 and 23.9% (pχ2 > 0,05) of patients. The main course of tuberculosis treatment lasted for 11.6 ± 4.7 months in the pregnant patients and 14.3 ± 3.8 months in those nonpregnant. And pregnant patients had one forth part of their chemotherapy coinciding with their pregnancy.Results: Only pregnant patients developed hepatotoxic reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs. In HIV negative patients, treatment effectiveness was compatible in the pregnant and nonpregnant patients (58.7 ± 4.7 and 61.5 ± 4.7%, pχ2 > 0.05). Mortality due to progression of tuberculosis in the pregnant did not exceed the mortality in the nonpregnant ones (5.5 ± 2.2 and 7.4 ± 2.1%, pχ2 > 0.05). The frequency of relapses was the same in the pregnant women receiving anti-tuberculosis therapy and those nonpregnant (3.1 and 4.4%, pχ2 > 0.05)

Genetic Characterization of Six Stocks of Litopenaeus vannamei

Four microsatellite loci were used to achieve genetic characterization of six stocks from Litopenaeus vannamei used for aquaculture in Cuba: second generation from first introduction (S2-1), first generation from the second one (S1-2), from the third one (S1-3), and the fourth one (S1-4) and the crossings from two parental population: first generation from the first with first generation from the third (S1-1 × S1-3) and first generation from the second with first generation from the third (S1-2 × S1-3). 66% (16/24) of genetic systems in total loci were in genetic disequilibrium. The four microsatellite loci were polymorphic for all six stocks. Major quantities of allelic variants correspond to locus Pvan 1758, which is at the same time that one where there are private alleles from first generation of the third. All Fst comparisons were significant. This indicates big differences between stocks. The highest values are those in which there is presence of the second introduction. This introduction and its descendants are also more consanguineous