MIX DE PLANTAS DE COBERTURA

O uso de plantas de cobertura é um dos princípios fundamentais para manter a sustentabilidade de sistemas agrícolas. A prática de manter a espécie de plantas de cobertura, ano após ano, pode ser um equívoco. O mix de plantas de cobertura é uma prática agrícola que consiste no cultivo de várias espécies na mesma área. A mistura de espécies de diferentes famílias botânicas traz diversas vantagens, como a ampla adaptabilidade nos diversos ambientes produtivos; a liberação gradual dos nutrientes para a cultura comercial; a cobertura do solo por longos períodos, material rico e diversificado para o aumento dos teores de matéria orgânica do solo; cobertura permanente com raízes diversificadas; melhor exploração das camadas do solo, favorecendo a maior ciclagem dos nutrientes; alta produção de matéria seca em curto espaço de tempo; supressão de plantas daninhas e redução de pragas e doenças na cultura sucessora. Apesar de todas as vantagens, o cultivo de mix apresenta maior complexidade de implantação e não proporciona retorno econômico imediato, além da dificuldade em adquirir sementes de algumas espécies devido à baixa disponibilidade no mercado. As espécies apresentam diferentes profundidades de semeadura e taxas de crescimento inicial e o que pode fazer com que algumas se sobressaiam em relação às outras. Além disso, devido à grande produção de massa seca gerada no mix, é necessário que haja equipamentos adequados para manejá-las; caso não seja realizado o manejo correto do mix, com a dessecação e/ou utilização do rolo faca, o agricultor pode enfrentar dificuldades na semeadura da cultura sucessora. A seleção das espécies que irão compor a mistura dependerá do clima da região e da época de implantação. No período do inverno, as coberturas do solo mais utilizadas para o mix de plantas são: aveia, centeio, tremoço, ervilhaca, azevém; e nabo forrageiro. Já no verão, são utilizados: o cultivo de milheto, sorgo, trigo mourisco, mucunas; crotalárias e girassol. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo comunicar sobre os benefícios e as dificuldades de implantar esta prática no campo. Para apresentação, será usado um banner com imagens dos mixes de plantas de cobertura e possibilidades de encaixe destas plantas antecedendo cultivos comerciais, contando também com a apresentação das plantas de cobertura mais utilizadas na região. Espera-se conscientizar o público para a importância dos mixes de plantas de cobertura para a melhoria do solo, produtividade e rentabilidade no meio rural

2020 taxonomic update for phylum Negarnaviricota (Riboviria: Orthornavirae), including the large orders Bunyavirales and Mononegavirales.

In March 2020, following the annual International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) ratification vote on newly proposed taxa, the phylum Negarnaviricota was amended and emended. At the genus rank, 20 new genera were added, two were deleted, one was moved, and three were renamed. At the species rank, 160 species were added, four were deleted, ten were moved and renamed, and 30 species were renamed. This article presents the updated taxonomy of Negarnaviricota as now accepted by the ICTV

Bond strength between fiber posts and root dentin treated with natural cross-linkers

He aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract (grape seed extract [GSE]) on the bond strength and stability of the adhesion of fiber posts to the root dentine using 2 adhesive systems: a total-etch and a self-etch adhesive system. Single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into 6 groups: G1 (control), untreated + total-etch adhesive Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN); G2, 6.5% GSE for 5 minutes + SB; G3, 10% GSE for 5 minutes + SB; and G4 to G6 groups were similar to previous ones; however, the self-etch adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond (Kuraray, Kurashiki, Japan) was used. Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX ARC (3M ESPE), and the specimens were immediately tested for push out or stored for 12 months. The bond strength means were analyzed by analysis of variance and Games-Howell post hoc tests (alpha = 0.05). Additionally, matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by 0.65%, 0.065%, and 0.0065% GSE was examined with gelatin zymography. The use of GSE did not affect immediate bond strength to dentin and contributed to preserve the bond strength after 12 months (P < .05) for both adhesives. The bond strength of SB was significantly higher than Clearfil SE Bond (P < .05). Gelatin zymography showed reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity when recombinant enzymes were incubated with both 0.65% and 0.065% GSE, with complete inhibition at the highest concentration. The pretreatment with GSE can be used as a natural alternative to improve bond strength stability of dentin adhesive interfaces in root canals411016671671COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESBEX 17910/12-

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially