Malware detection techniques for mobile devices

Mobile devices have become very popular nowadays, due to its portability and high performance, a mobile device became a must device for persons using information and communication technologies. In addition to hardware rapid evolution, mobile applications are also increasing in their complexity and performance to cover most needs of their users. Both software and hardware design focused on increasing performance and the working hours of a mobile device. Different mobile operating systems are being used today with different platforms and different market shares. Like all information systems, mobile systems are prone to malware attacks. Due to the personality feature of mobile devices, malware detection is very important and is a must tool in each device to protect private data and mitigate attacks. In this paper, analysis of different malware detection techniques used for mobile operating systems is provides. The focus of the analysis will be on the to two competing mobile operating systems - Android and iOS. Finally, an assessment of each technique and a summary of its advantages and disadvantages is provided. The aim of the work is to establish a basis for developing a mobile malware detection tool based on user profiling.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

A conceptual framework for adjustment policies

This paper begins by examining the existing conceptual framework for stabilization policies and inquires into the question as to an appropriate framework for adjustment policies. Next, the instruments of adjustment policies are briefly reviewed; followed by a discussion of the principal types of policies, including policies aimed at improving the use of existing resources, increasing savings and investment, and ensuring an efficient choice of investments. Furthermore, brief consideration is given to the coordination of stabilization and adjustment policies and to adjustment with equity.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Banks&Banking Reform,Economic Stabilization,Financial Intermediation

U.S. trade policy towards developing countries

The United States has often been criticized for protectionist measures taken against developing country products. Yet, average agricultural protection has reemained practically nil in the U.S. over time, while rising in the European Common Market (E.C.M) and, even more, Japan. It further appears that manufactured imports from developing countries have increased much more rapidly, and reached higher levels, in the U.S. than in the E.C.M and, in particular, Japan. The U.S.-Japan comparisons for manufactured goods do not conform to the data on the extent of nontariff barriers, as measured by the share of imports from the developing countries which are subject to such trade barriers. The solution to the puzzle lies in part in the inadequacies of data on the share of imports subject to nontariff measures for gauging the protective effects of such measures and in part in the reliance on formal measures of protection in the United States as against the informal measures in Japan. More generally, one may explain the results obtained by reference to the openness of the U.S. market that has generally been more hospitable to imports from developing countries than have the markets of other industrial countries, particularly Japan.Poverty Assessment,Trade and Regional Integration,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Environmental Economics&Policies,Trade Policy

Economic integration in Eastern Europe

The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) was established by Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Soviet Union in 1948 as a response to the Marshall Plan. But unlike the Marshall Plan it provided no financial assistance to its member countries and its activities were limited to trade in the framework of bilateral and multilateral negotiations. Because of centralized decisionmaking, the lack of price signals and the bilateral balancing of trade flows, the CMEA countries failed to exploit their trade potential. And although the smaller CMEA countries benefited from receiving Soviet energy and raw materials at low prices in exchange for often poor quality manufactured goods, these gains were more than offset by the losses suffered because of insufficient technical change and the straightjacket of the socialist planning system. For the future of the CMEA, four alternatives present themselves: maintaining the present arrangements, marketizing the CMEA, reforming the CMEA and dissolving the CMEA. In view of differences in the extent and the speed of the reform efforts in Eastern European countries, the last alternative appears most appropriate.At the same time, the more developed CMEA countries should seek association with the EC, followed by membership.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Trade Policy,Common Carriers Industry

From Segregation to the Equality of Opportunity - The Chances of the Gypsy Children in the World of the Hungarian Education System

According to the previous EU reports about Hungary: "the officially acknowledged 12 minorities integrated into the Hungarian society, the situation of the Hungarian gypsy minority remains difficult. The territorial layout of the gypsy population is more or less matched by the rural areas, where high rate of unemployment, segregation, inner peripherial situation, and limitless social conflicts are present. In order to meet the above mentioned social-economic challenges it is important that the channels of the improving of cultural capital should run parallel with the characteristics of the local societies. It is important, that with the help of the educational mobilisation programmes the difficulties surfacing due to the social coexistence can be decreaded and the exacerbating social and ethnic conflicts can be dealt with." An important aim of the educational projects is to broaden the possibility of obtaining knowledge concerning social issues and citizenship, prevent the conflicts among clusters due to the social coexistence, strengthen the institutional cooperation, division of labour and to provide a "lifelong-learning" perspective to the groups that fall behind.segregation, gypsy social groups, equality of opportunity, integration, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Labor and Human Capital,

Public finance and economic development

This paper reports on tests of alternative hypotheses as to the effects of a budget deficit, examines the influence of the size of the government on economic growth, and investigates the impact of public investment on private investment, total investment, and economic growth. The findings have important implications for the developing countries. They show that budget deficits have adverse effects on the balance of payments as well as on domestic investment. It further appears that increases in government consumption adversely affect economic growth. Finally, increases in public investment not only crowd out private investment but tend to lower the efficiency of investment, with adverse effects on economic growth. The conclusions point to the need for reducing budget deficits in developing countries. They further favor lowering government consumption as well as public investment in these countries.Economic Stabilization,Economic Theory&Research,Environmental Economics&Policies,Macroeconomic Management,Achieving Shared Growth