13 research outputs found
Agreement among type 2 diabetes linkage studies but a poor correlation with results from genome-wide association studies
Optimal configuration problem identification of electrical power cable in tidal turbine farm via traveling salesman problem modeling approach
Regeneration of plants through somatic embryogenesis in Thymus hyemalis Lange, a potential medicinal and aromatic plant
Estimating realistic costs for strategic management planning of invasive species eradications on islands
Lysophosphatidylinositol, an Endogenous Ligand for G Protein-Coupled Receptor 55, Has Anti-inflammatory Effects in Cultured Microglia
Lysophospholipid Receptors, as Novel Conditional Danger Receptors and Homeostatic Receptors Modulate Inflammation—Novel Paradigm and Therapeutic Potential
Ubiquitin- and ubiquitin-like proteins-conjugating enzymes (E2s) in breast cancer.
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Sub-types of breast cancer defined by the expression of steroid hormones and Her2/Neu oncogene have distinct prognosis and undergo different therapies. Besides differing in their phenotype, sub-types of breast cancer display various molecular lesions that participate in their pathogenesis. BRCA1 is one of the common hereditary cancer predisposition genes and encodes for an ubiquitin ligase. Ubiquitin ligases or E3 enzymes participate together with ubiquitin activating enzyme and ubiquitin conjugating enzymes in the attachment of ubiquitin (ubiquitination) in target proteins. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification regulating multiple cell functions. It also plays important roles in carcinogenesis in general and in breast carcinogenesis in particular. Ubiquitin conjugating enzymes are a central component of the ubiquitination machinery and are often perturbed in breast cancer. This paper will discuss ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins conjugating enzymes participating in breast cancer pathogenesis, their relationships with other proteins of the ubiquitination machinery and their role in phenotype of breast cancer sub-types