STUDY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM CASSIA SIEBERIANA ROOT BARK AND KHAYA GRANDIFOLIOLA TRUNK BARK: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY

Objective: Cassia sieberiana and Khaya grandifoliola are two plants commonly used in traditional medicine in Côte d’Ivoire. Photochemical screening of crud extract obtained from C. sieberiana root bark and K. grandifoliola trunk bark revealed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, terpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, reducing sugars, glycosides, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides and saponins. Methods: Quantitative analysis was screened in C. sieberiana root bark and K. grandifoliola trunk bark. Results: The results respectively showed high concentrations of total phenols (225.57±7.57 and 186.75±12.76 μgGAE/mg), total flavonoids (64.70±5.25 and 117.88±8, 68 μgQE/mg) and total tannins (170.60±5.85 and 39.96±1, 58 μgTAE/mg). The antioxidant activity of the glycosides extracts CS1, KG1 and their corresponding aglycones CS2, KG2 of these plants has been studied by scavenging free radicals by DPPH and that, compared with L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C, IC50 = 0.07 µg/ml). IC50 values of CS1 (2.69 µg/ml), KG1 (3.16 µg/ml) and CS2 (1.30 µg/ml), KG2 (0.726 µg/ml) showed that the aglycones are clearly more effective than the glycosides. Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of Cassia sieberiana root bark and Khaya grandifoliola trunk bark showed a presence of a variety of secondary metabolites in these plants, when the quantitative analysis concludes that they contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids and tannins to varied contents

Composition Chimique Et Activité Antimicrobienne De L’huile Essentielle De Porophyllum Ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. (Asterales ; Asteraceae) Récoltée En Côte d’Ivoire

L’huile essentielle de la partie aérienne de Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. (Asterales ; Asteraceae) obtenue par entraînement à la vapeur a été analysée par Chromatographie en Phase Gazeuse couplée à la Spectrométrie de Masse. L’activité antimicrobienne de l’huile essentielle a été évaluée sur des bactéries et champignons de référence du Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire. L’huile essentielle est constituée essentiellement de monoterpènes (94,69%), d’hydrocarbures aromatiques (4,39%) et de sesquiterpènes (0,27%). Les composés majoritaires sont βmyrcène ( 35,52%), γ-terpinène (26,37%), β-pinène (21,65%), limonène (9,26%) et 1-undécène (4,39%). L’huile essentielle a inhibé la plupart des souches testées, Klebsiella pneumoneae, Bacillus subtilus CIP, Staphylococcus auréus, Staphylococcus épidermidis, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis et Candida glabrata, avec une concentration minimale inhibitrice (CMI) de 3,75mg/ml. Cependant , elles ne possèdent aucun effet sur Salmonella typhimirium SO 66, Eschérichia coli ATCC 25922 et Pseudomonas aéruginosa ATCC 27853. Cette étude a revélé la composition chimique de l’huile essentielle de la partie aérienne de P. ruderale. Elle a en outre montré le bon potentiel antimicrobien de l’huile essentielle. Essential oil of the aerial part of Porophyllum ruderale (Jacq.) Cass. (Asterales; Asteraceae) obtained by steam distillation was analyzed by Gas Chromatograhy coupled to Mass Spectroscopy. Then the antimicrobial activity of essential oil was evaluated on reference bacteria and fungi from the Swiss Center for Scientific Research in Côte d'Ivoire. Essential oil consists mainly of monoterpenes (94.69%), aromatic hydrocarbons (4.39%) and sesquiterpenes (0.27%). The major compounds are β-myrcene (35.52%), γterpinene (26.37%), β-pinene (21.65%), limonene (9.26%) and 1-undecene (4.39%). Essential oil inhibited most of the strains tested, Klebsiella pneumoneae, Bacillus subtilus CIP, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida glabrata, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 3.75 mg/ml. However, they have no effect on Salmonella typhimirium SO 66, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. This study revealed the chemical composition of the essential oil of Porophyllum ruderale. It also showed the good antimicrobial potential of this essential oil

Phytochemical analysis, antibacterial activity of hydromethanol extracts from stems of Ximenia americana, Côte d’Ivoire species on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The emergence of bacteria resistant to several families of antibiotics is nowadays a public health problem in the world. To overcome this, it appeared necessary to explore sources of active molecules from natural substances. Thus, the objective of this study was to carry out the phytochemical sorting of hydromethanol extracts from Ximenia americana stems and to evaluate their antibacterial activities on the in-vitro growth of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The phytochemical screening performed allowed us to identify saponins, sterols and polyterpenes, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids. HPLC-MS/MS analysis lead to the identification of a variety of flavan-3ol, quercetin and derivatives. The study of antibacterial activity carried out on 5 multi-resistant clinical strains and on a reference strain by the Muller-Hinton agar medium diffusion and dilution method showed that the extracts were active on all the strains with MICs ranging from 6.25 to 100 mg and MBCs ranging from 12.5 to 100 mg. The antibacterial potential of these extracts highlighted in this study could make this plant a candidate for in-depth investigations that could lead to the discovery of new antibacterial molecules. L’apparition de bactéries résistantes à plusieurs familles d’antibiotiques constitue, de nos jours, un problème de santé publique dans le monde. Pour y remédier, l’exploration de sources de molécules actives à partir des substances naturelles s’est avérée nécessaire. Ainsi, l’objectif de cette étude était de réaliser le tri phytochimique des extraits hydrométhanoliques de tiges de Ximenia americana et d’évaluer leurs activités antibactériennes sur la croissance in-vitro des Staphylococcus aureus résistant à la méticilline. Le screening phytochimique réalisé a permis d’identifier des saponines, des stérols et polyterpènes, des polyphénols, des tanins et des flavonoïdes. L’analyse à la HPLC-MS/MS a permis d’identifier une variété de flavan-3ol, de la quercétine et dérivées. L’étude de l’activité antibactérienne réalisée sur 5 souches cliniques multirésistantes et sur une souche de référence par la méthode de diffusion et de dilution en milieu gélosé Muller-Hinton a montré que les extraits étaient actifs sur toutes les souches avec des CMI variant de 6,25 à 100 mg et des CMB variant de 12,5 à 100 mg. Le potentiel antibactérien de ces extraits mis en évidence dans cette étude pourrait faire de cette plante une candidate à des investigations approfondies pouvant aboutir à la découverte de nouvelles molécules antibactériennes

Physical, physicochemical and nutritional profile of honey produced in nine localities in Côte d'Ivoire

Honey is a syrupy substance produced by bees, highly rich in monosaccharides (glucose, fructose), which give it a sweet flavor. In Côte d’Ivoire, there is very little information on the honey that is produced. The current work is to our knowledge the first of its kind. Its main objective is to assess the quality of the honey produced in nine localities in Côte d'Ivoire in terms of their physicochemical composition. All of the physicochemical characteristics (refractive index, total acidity, pH, viscosity, electrical conductivity and diastase index were within the limits established by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The moisture content did not exceed 19.4%, which would indicate that the honey samples have long-term storage capacity and resistance to fermentation. The results were also distinguished by a high sugar content (78.60 - 83.80% of dry matter of honey), mentioning their maturity and nutritional value. In addition, the sucrose content was between 2.14 and 7.61%. Honey's total acidity index found between 7.50 and 24.20 meq/kg, is a proof of their bactericidal activity. The low HMF content (< 60 mg/kg) of most of samples taken reflects their good technological treatment and good quality. The content of fat (0.41 to 0.78 mg/100g) and protein (0.88 to 3.50%) certifies their acceptable nutritional qualities, with a significant energy value (from 396.39 to 402.70 kcal/100g of honey). Thus, the honey collected on Ivorian territory actually meets the requirements of the standards proposed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission.Keywords: Natural honey, physical parameters, physicochemical characteristics, nutritional properties, Côte d'Ivoire

LANNEA BARTERI ENGL. (ANACARDIACEAE) PLANT USED IN THE TREATMENT OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN IVORY COAST: BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDIES OF THE AQUEOUS EXTRACT

Objective: This research aims to evaluate the antibacterial activity and determine the chemical composition of the aqueous extract of the bark of Lannea barteri Engl. (DA) used in the traditional treatment of urinary tract infections in the Ivory Coast. Methods: The material is composed of DA, the bacterial strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, isolated from the urine of patients from different hospitals and subsequently stored. The qualitative analysis was performed using color-based detection tests and thin layer chromatography (TLC) reactions and the quantification of total phenols, flavonoids, flavone aglycones and anthocyanins using the method of Folin Ciocalteu. The method of diffusion on Mueller Hinton (MH) agar medium has been used for sensitivity tests. Results: The phytochemical screening of DA has revealed the presence of polyphenols, terpenes, and derivatives, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, and alkaloids. Furthermore, the quantification of some polyphenols such as flavonoids, flavone aglycones, and anthocyanins was determined. The total polyphenols found was 0.757±0.003 mg/g MS representing respectively; 0.230±0.01 for flavonoids; 0.028±0.02 for flavone aglycones and 0.016±0.02 mg/g MS for anthocyanins. DA is bactericidal against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, which are mainly responsible for urinary tract infections. Conclusion: The bark of Lannea barteri Engl. (DA) is rich in flavonoids, flavone aglycones, and anthocyanins which are probably responsible for its antibacterial properties on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. This research thereby supports the use of this plant in the treatment of urinary tract infections

Physiological mechanism of resistance antibiosis to anthracnose of different Manihot varieties

Cassava is one of the main food crops in Africa, particularly in Côte d'Ivoire. However, the cultivated varieties are prone to attack by diseases. The present work focused on the role of phenolic and in particular flavonoid resistance markers in the Manihot esculenta-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides pathosystem. The aim was to elucidate the involvement of flavonoid antibiosis in the natural defense of three cultivars of M. esculenta when confronted with attacks by C. gloeosporioides. The quantitative dosage approach for total phenolics and flavonoids as well as the identification of flavonoid antibiosis have been carried out. The results revealed that the cultivars 9620A, TMS30572 and YACE of M. esculenta have, after the C. gloeosporioides inoculation tests, reacted early 2 days after inoculation (JAI) and accumulated relatively high levels of antibiosis phenolic and flavonoid 9JAI. The three cultivars accumulated constitutive flavonoid antibiosis and 3 neosynthesized antibiosis from 7JAI to 9JAI. The accumulation of flavonoid antibacterials neosynthesized in the stems and in the leaves testify to the expression of a systemic resistance of the cassava plants. The cultivars 9620A and TMS30572 are more tolerant than cultivar YACE. This study approach has made it possible to discriminate between cultivars and can therefore be used as a complementary selection tool to traditional selection tests.Keywords: Manihot esculenta, anthracnose, flavonoïd antibisis, glyphosate

STUDY OF CRUDE EXTRACTS FROM CASSIA SIEBERIANA ROOT BARK AND KHAYA GRANDIFOLIOLA TRUNK BARK: PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS AND RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITY

International audienceObjective: Cassia sieberiana and Khaya grandifoliola are two plants commonly used in traditional medicine in Côte d’Ivoire. Photochemical screening of crud extract obtained from C. sieberiana root bark and K. grandifoliola trunk bark revealed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, terpenes, polyphenols, flavonoids, coumarins, tannins, reducing sugars, glycosides, carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides and saponins.Methods: Quantitative analysis was screened in C. sieberiana root bark and K. grandifoliola trunk bark.Results: The results respectively showed high concentrations of total phenols (225.57±7.57 and 186.75±12.76 μgGAE/mg), total flavonoids (64.70±5.25 and 117.88±8, 68 μgQE/mg) and total tannins (170.60±5.85 and 39.96±1, 58 μgTAE/mg). The antioxidant activity of the glycosides extracts CS1, KG1 and their corresponding aglycones CS2, KG2 of these plants has been studied by scavenging free radicals by DPPH and that, compared with L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C, IC 50 = 0.07 μg/ml). IC 50 values of CS1 (2.69 μg/ml), KG1 (3.16 μg/ml) and CS2 (1.30 μg/ml), KG2 (0.726 μg/ml) showed that the aglycones are clearly more effective than the glycosides.Conclusion: Qualitative analysis of Cassia sieberiana root bark and Khaya grandifoliola trunk bark showed a presence of a variety of secondar