Isolation of major flavonoids from Kazakhstan endemic plant Crataegus almaatensis Pojark by high speed counter-current chromatography and their quantification by HPLC.

Introduction: Hawthorn (Crataegus L.) is a well-known widely used medicinal plant with more than 280 species that are spread in all over the world [1]. There are seven species of Crataegus growing in the Kazakhstan flora, from which only Crataegus almaatensis Pojark (C. almaatensis) is an endemic one. It is a dense, spiny tree up to 3-4 m tall producing dense white colored flowers.  It is spread in the foothills of Ile-Alataumountains inAlmaty [2,3]. Crataegus is used as an alternative medicine for ailments of the cardiovascular, digestive and endocrine systems[4]. These plants are rich in biologic active compounds, such as flavonoids, hydrocinnamic acids, sugars, organic or phenolic acids, terpenes and essential oils [5]. There are a few scientific studies on the biochemistry of cultivated C. almaatensis fruits, focused on the determination of carotene, bioflavonoids, sugar and organic acids contents [6,7]. There is no full-scale study of the C. almaatensis to date. The authors of this work, from Kazakhstan and from two other European Universities are carrying out joint scientific full-scale studies with this endemic plant. . The aim of this study is to present preliminary results on isolationand quantification of the main constituents of C. almaatensis flowers, leaves and fruits by means of high speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) and HPLC respectively. Methods and Results:The HSCCC was performed using an instrument IntroPrepTM (Quattro). The solvent system HEMWat was chosen according to the partitioning of the constituents of the plant material on a TLC analysis. Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by means of different NMR spectra. Reverse phase HPLC system (Waters) was used for the quantification of the isolated compounds using the following mobile phase: (A) 40mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.3 with 85% Orthophosphoric acid); (B) Methanol, 0-52.5 min 95%A-5%B; 52.5-57 min 58%A-42%B; 57-60 min 95%A-5%B, with a flow of 1ml/min. Two main flavonoids hyperoside and quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside were isolated and identified. The quantity of hyperoside was determined to be 19.79±0.36 mg/g, 14.70±0.37 mg/g and 0.27±0.01 mg/g for flowers, leaves and fruits respectively. The concentration of quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside in the extract was found to decrease from leaves (51.00±0.92mg/g) to flowers (1.23±0.05 mg/g)to fruits (almost undetectable).                             &nbsp

Stability testing of the medicinal plant "Crataegus almaatensis pojark fruits"

The results of stability testing in the frame of long-term programme of the medicinal plant “Crataegus almaatensis Pojark (C. almaatensis) fruits” at temperature 25°C±2°C and humidity 60%±5% storage conditions are provided in this article. The study was carried out in accordance to stability testing specifications and ICH Stability guidelines Q1A-Q1F. The three experimental-industrial batches of fruits were undergone stability testing in the packages intended for storage and sale. The compliance of obtained results to the numerical criteria of stability specification and absence of significant changes during 12 months of testing, gives us an opportunity to conclude that herbal substance is stable. At the present time stability testing is being continue

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PRACTICE OF THE MODERN PHYSICIAN-RESEARCHER

Медицинская этика – это попытка определить надлежащее поведение врачей в сложных клинических и исследовательских сценариях. Это не просто теоретический вопрос, поскольку врачи и медицинские работники сталкиваются с ситуациями, когда им приходится принимать решения, касающиеся ухода за пациентами, во время исследований и повседневной практики. Хотя многие ситуации диктуют четкий курс действий, некоторые случаи представляют собой двусмысленность, требующую всестороннего понимания этического анализа. Актуальность медицинской этики сохраняется и сегодня, поскольку продолжают происходить нарушения фундаментальных этических принципов. Несмотря на принятие Хельсинкской декларации 59 лет назад, в которую каждое десятилетие вносятся обновления для решения новых проблем, нарушения основных принципов медицинской этики продолжаются, особенно среди молодых ученых и врачей-исследователей в странах, где область науки все еще развивается

ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE PRACTICE OF THE MODERN PHYSICIAN-RESEARCHER

Медицинская этика – это попытка определить надлежащее поведение врачей в сложных клинических и исследовательских сценариях. Это не просто теоретический вопрос, поскольку врачи и медицинские работники сталкиваются с ситуациями, когда им приходится принимать решения, касающиеся ухода за пациентами, во время исследований и повседневной практики. Хотя многие ситуации диктуют четкий курс действий, некоторые случаи представляют собой двусмысленность, требующую всестороннего понимания этического анализа. Актуальность медицинской этики сохраняется и сегодня, поскольку продолжают происходить нарушения фундаментальных этических принципов. Несмотря на принятие Хельсинкской декларации 59 лет назад, в которую каждое десятилетие вносятся обновления для решения новых проблем, нарушения основных принципов медицинской этики продолжаются, особенно среди молодых ученых и врачей-исследователей в странах, где область науки все еще развивается

Optimal methods of obtaining gluten and starch from wheat and their use

For the rational and effective use of wheat grain grown in the country, the article presents overview materials and statistics on the use of products of deep processing of wheat grain in Kazakhstan. Data on the main technologies for obtaining gluten and starch are also presented, raw materials are selected, and its technological properties are determined. To establish production, optimal parameters for obtaining starch and gluten were developed and data on their use were presented

Method for producing whole grain product from buckwheat and lentils

The article presents data on the biochemical composition of cereals and legumes, on the basis of which 2 types of grain were selected: buckwheat and lentils. Experimental samples of whole-grain flour from buckwheat and lentil grains with an optimal ratio of starch, fiber, protein, and fat with a grinding size of 400-600 microns are obtained. the recommended technological scheme for processing buckwheat and lentil grains into whole-ground flour is presented

Production technology gluten-free bread and the national flour product-beshbarmak dough

The article presents data on the selection and biochemical composition of flour from cereals and legumes that do not contain gluten for the production of gluten-free bread and national flour product. The novelty of research is to study the effect of food additives and improvers on the quality of gluten-free products developed. For the practical application of the proposed formulation gluten free bread and dough for beshbarmak

Obtaining Special Additives for Bakery Products from Fine-disperse Flour

The article gives a general description of baking additives and improvers, types, purposes and technology of use. The indicators of quality and safety of baking additives are presented. Finely dispersed powders from cereals, leguminous crops and bran from them are considered as additives. As a result of studying the chemical and microbiological indicators of fine powders from cereals and legumes, the following were selected: fine powders from wheat, oats, buckwheat and lentils, as the most complete in terms of nutritional value, in order to further study the possibility of obtaining special additives from them or using them as baking improvers. The mass fraction of protein in the studied samples varied from 9.05 to 22.82%. The largest amount of protein from the fine powders considered is contained in lentil powder (22.82%). The mass fraction of fiber ranged from 8.81 to 13.13% with the highest content in fine buckwheat powder (13.13%). As a result of the analysis of the chemical composition of fine powders from cereals and legumes for further comparative characteristics, the following fine powders from wheat, oats, buckwheat and lentils were selected as the most complete in nutritional value

THE DIVERSITY-ORIENTED SYNTHESIS OF SATURATED N-HETEROCYCLIC SCAFFOLDS BY POST-AZA-ANNULATION MODIFICATIONS

The synthesis of N-heterocyclic scaffolds that resemble biologically active molecules in an environmentally friendly, atom-efficient, cheap, and easily manageable way is among the main tasks for synthetic chemists. The diversity-oriented synthesis of heterocyclic scaffolds facilitated by multicomponent reactions constitute a powerful tool for the implementation of the above goal. In this research, the series of fused saturated N-heterocyclic compounds were synthesized through the post-aza-annulation modifications and characterized. The synthetic approach started with the condensation of readily available acetylacetone and a primary amine into corresponding enaminones. This was followed by the aza-annulation with maleic anhydride producing heterocyclic molecule featuring the carboxylic acid and keto-carbonyl functionalities. This molecule underwent subsequent heterogeneous reduction to remove the unsaturation. Finally, the resulting heterocyclic ketoacid was subjected in the Ugi multicomponent reaction with amine and isocyanide to yield the complex heterocyclic scaffolds in 21-50% overall yield. In total, nine fused heterocyclic products were obtained by varying the amine and isocyanide substrates in a highly diastereoselective fashion

Promotion of entrepreneurship development by art and design by pedagogy

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