Estudio de la esterilización de Cales noacki How (hym. aphelinidae), por el empleo de plaguicidas

Se ha efectuado un estudio con diversos plaguicidas, para ver su posible incidencia en la reproducción de Cales noacki How, en cuanto a su acción esterilizante en los adultos emergidos de las ninfas tratadas. Los fitofármacos ensayados han originado una mortalidad inferior al 60% sobre el estado ninfal de C. noacki. De los 7 plaguicidas ensayados, el etion y dimetoato parece ser que afectan en cierta medida el potencial reproductor de los adultos emergidos del himenóptero, el primero reduciendo la descendencia y el segundo impidiéndola, lo que equivale a la esterilización de los adultos de C. noacki por el dimetoato. El resto de substancias ensayadas no han manifestado un efecto significativo sobre el potencial reproductor de C. noacki emergidos de las ninfas tratada

Incidencia del regulador de crecimiento de insectos NNI-750 sobre estados inmaduros de Encarsia formosa Gahan y Cales noacki Howard (Hym.: Aphelinidae)

Se ha efectuado un estudio de los efectos del regulador del crecimiento NNI-750 (Buprofezin), a las dosis de 125 y 250 ppm, sobre estados inmaduros de Encarsia formosa Gahan y Cales noacki How. Según este estudio y los criterios de nocividad del grupo de trabajo de la O.I.L.B. "Pesticides and Beneficial Arthropods", el NNI-750 es inocuo o de toxicidad nula para estados inmaduros de E. formosa y C. noacki, no produciendo tampoco esterilización sobre dichos insectos útiles. Las cualidades de este plaguicida biológico sobre los dos insectos útiles le hacen ser un producto interesante para utilizar en todo programa de lucha dirigida ó integrada

Sustainable Management Methods of Orchard Insect Pests

The current need for sustainable resource management is increasingly urgent, as demand for agricultural commodities is rising rapidly as the world’s population grows. However, agricultural intensification is one of the main drivers of the global biodiversity crisis and global decline in insects [1,2]. Additionally, an impressive amount of research has been published regarding the many detrimental effects of pesticides, which had been the main approach developed for pest control in the first half of the previous century, but which has been progressively replaced by the use of biopesticides and other sustainable methods (biological, physical and other non-chemical methods) to provide satisfactory pest control and implementing Integrated Pest Management (IPM)

Organisms for the Control of Pathogens in Protected Crops. Cultural practices for Sustainable Agriculture

“Whiteflies” is the common name of an insect group (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) which has around 1556 described species (Martin & Mound, 2007), although only about thirty species have been mentioned in Spain which are included in the table 1 (Martin et al., 2000). The origin of this group of insects is very varied, as its current spread. But, in general, these are organisms from hot climates: more than 724 species have been described in tropical areas, and only 420 species in warm areas (BinkMoenen & Mound, 1990). In general, there are two types of damage caused by whiteflies: direct and indirect. The first is caused by the insects feeding on the plant, adults as well as nymphal stages (immature), causing the sap-sucking that leads to weakening and reduction of plant yield, and also inducing very different physiological disorders on plants. The indirect damages are referred to as all the problems derived from the production of honeydew by the insect immatures, and especially, the capacity of the adults of some species to transmit very different vegetal viruses, that can lead to the continuity of the crop being put at risk in a specific area

Parasitism of Spalangia cameroni (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae), an idiobiont parasitoid on pupae of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera, Tephritidae)

Spalangia cameroni Perkins, 1910 is a pteromalid hymenopteran, well known as a pupal parasitoid of flies belonging to different taxonomic families in the order Diptera, as Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Anthomyiidae. This species is being used as a biological control agent against the housefly (Musca domestica) and the stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans). In the family Tephritidae it was known as a parasitoid of Anastrepha suspensa, Dacus cucurbitae and D. passiflorae, but recently it has been described as a parasitoid of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly, Ceratitis capitata, in the Valencian Community (Spain). Due to the importance of that fruit fly species as a serious pest on citrus and fruit trees, it has been started the rearing and the biological study of S. cameroni in laboratory conditions, in order to know its ability to be used in the biological control of the medfly. Biological and parasitic parameters of the insect, as adult longevity, female fecundity and fertility, influence of host age and temperature on parasitism and female ability in searching the host buried in the ground, are being analysed