Graviton noise on tidal forces and geodesic congruences

In this work we continue with our recent study, using the Feynman-Vernon worldline influence action and the Schwinger-Keldysh closed-time-path formalism, to consider the effects of quantum noise of gravitons on the motion of point masses. This effect can be regarded as due to a stochastic tensorial force whose correlator is given by the graviton noise kernel associated with the Hadamard function of the quantized gravitational field. Solving the Langevin equation governing the motion of the separation of two masses, the fluctuations of the separation due to the graviton noise can be obtained for various states of the quantum field. Since this force has the stretching and compressing effects like the tidal force, we can view it as one. We therefore derive the expressions for, and estimate the magnitude of, this tidal force for the cases of the Minkowski and the squeezed vacua. The influence of this force on the evolution of the geodesic congruence through the Raychaudhuri equation is then studied and the effects of quantum graviton noise on the shear and rotation tensors presented.Comment: 22 page

PartialFormer: Modeling Part Instead of Whole

The design choices in Transformer feed-forward neural networks have resulted in significant computational and parameter overhead. In this work, we emphasize the importance of hidden dimension in designing lightweight FFNs, a factor often overlooked in previous architectures. Guided by this principle, we introduce PartialFormer, a parameter-efficient Transformer architecture utilizing multiple smaller FFNs to reduce parameters and computation while maintaining essential hidden dimensions. These smaller FFNs are integrated into a multi-head attention system to enable effective collaboration. We also propose a tailored head scaling strategy to enhance PartialFormer's capabilities. Furthermore, we present a residual-like attention calculation to improve depth scaling within PartialFormer. Extensive experiments on 9 translation tasks and 1 abstractive summarization task validate the effectiveness of our PartialFormer approach. Our code would be available at: \url{https://github.com/zhengkid/PartialFormer}.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure

Incorporating Probing Signals into Multimodal Machine Translation via Visual Question-Answering Pairs

This paper presents an in-depth study of multimodal machine translation (MMT), examining the prevailing understanding that MMT systems exhibit decreased sensitivity to visual information when text inputs are complete. Instead, we attribute this phenomenon to insufficient cross-modal interaction, rather than image information redundancy. A novel approach is proposed to generate parallel Visual Question-Answering (VQA) style pairs from the source text, fostering more robust cross-modal interaction. Using Large Language Models (LLMs), we explicitly model the probing signal in MMT to convert it into VQA-style data to create the Multi30K-VQA dataset. An MMT-VQA multitask learning framework is introduced to incorporate explicit probing signals from the dataset into the MMT training process. Experimental results on two widely-used benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel approach. Our code and data would be available at: \url{https://github.com/libeineu/MMT-VQA}.Comment: Findings of EMNLP202

Quantum Capacity and Vacuum Compressibility of Spacetime: Thermal Fields

An important yet perplexing result from work in the 90s and 00s is the near-unity value of the ratio of fluctuations in the vacuum energy density of quantum fields to the mean in a collection of generic spacetimes. This was done by way of calculating the noise kernels which are the correlators of the stress-energy tensor of quantum fields. In this paper we revisit this issue via a quantum thermodynamics approach, by calculating two quintessential thermodynamic quantities: the heat capacity and the quantum compressibility of some model geometries filled with a quantum field at high and low temperatures. This is because heat capacity at constant volume gives a measure of the fluctuations of the energy density to the mean. When this ratio approaches or exceeds unity, the validity of the canonical distribution is called into question. Likewise, a system's compressibility at constant pressure is a criterion for the validity of grand canonical ensemble. We derive the free energy density and, from it, obtain the expressions for these two thermodynamic quantities for thermal and quantum fields in 2d Casimir space, 2d Einstein cylinder and 4d ($S^1 \times S^3$ ) Einstein universe. To examine the dependence on the dimensionality of space, for completeness, we have also derived these thermodynamic quantities for the Einstein universes with even-spatial dimensions: $S^1 \times S^2$ and $S^1 \times S^4$. With this array of spacetimes we can investigate the thermodynamic stability of quantum matter fields in them and make some qualitative observations on the compatibility condition for the co-existence between quantum fields and spacetimes, a fundamental issue in the quantum and gravitation conundrum.Comment: 47 page

What are People Talking about in #BlackLivesMatter and #StopAsianHate? Exploring and Categorizing Twitter Topics Emerging in Online Social Movements through the Latent Dirichlet Allocation Model

Minority groups have been using social media to organize social movements that create profound social impacts. Black Lives Matter (BLM) and Stop Asian Hate (SAH) are two successful social movements that have spread on Twitter that promote protests and activities against racism and increase the public's awareness of other social challenges that minority groups face. However, previous studies have mostly conducted qualitative analyses of tweets or interviews with users, which may not comprehensively and validly represent all tweets. Very few studies have explored the Twitter topics within BLM and SAH dialogs in a rigorous, quantified and data-centered approach. Therefore, in this research, we adopted a mixed-methods approach to comprehensively analyze BLM and SAH Twitter topics. We implemented (1) the latent Dirichlet allocation model to understand the top high-level words and topics and (2) open-coding analysis to identify specific themes across the tweets. We collected more than one million tweets with the #blacklivesmatter and #stopasianhate hashtags and compared their topics. Our findings revealed that the tweets discussed a variety of influential topics in depth, and social justice, social movements, and emotional sentiments were common topics in both movements, though with unique subtopics for each movement. Our study contributes to the topic analysis of social movements on social media platforms in particular and the literature on the interplay of AI, ethics, and society in general.Comment: Accepted at AAAI and ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society, August 1 to 3, 2022, Oxford, United Kingdo

Research on Sustainable Development of Competitive Sports in China Based on PSR and DEA Model

From the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, the sustainable development of competitive sports has become more and more popular in China. Therefore, for the sustainable development of China's competitive sports, first, the logical relationship of “pressure-state-response” is adopted to select the index system, covering the elements of the economy, society, policy, and so on. Principal component analysis and entropy weight method are used to construct the comprehensive evaluation model of the sustainable development of competitive sports. Second, through the coupling coordination method to study the coordinated development of China's competitive sports and economic society, and then from the perspective of the obstacle factor diagnosis method to determine the obstacles to the sustainable development of China's competitive sports system. Finally, the DEA model is used to predict the development level of competitive sports in China's provinces in the next 10–20 years. The research shows that the overall development level of competitive sports in China is good, but there are certain differences among different regions. Meanwhile, from the forecast results, the development level of competitive sports in Hainan, Shanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, and Ningxia may be greatly improved in the future. Based on the above research conclusions, this study puts forward some suggestions to give full play to the joint and synergistic development effect among different regions, reasonably draw lessons from the advanced experience of competitive sports development at home and abroad, and scientifically construct the comprehensive development system of competitive sports. At the same time, the research of this study provides some reference value for the sustainable development of China's competitive sports and the coordinated development of China's competitive sports and economic society