Contamination status of hospitals and health care centers by rodents (Rodentia: Muridae) in Iran

Introduction: Rats are considered as an important potential reservoir for some zoonotic diseases and have an important role in the transmission and spreading them. This research was performed with the purpose of studying the contamination status of hospitals and health care centers in Kashan. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, six hospitals and 17 health care centers in Kashan were studied. Traps were placed in different parts of the hospitals and health care centers. Rats were recognized based on their morphological parameters and the related information was recorded in the questionnaires. After extracting the necessary data, tables and graphs were drawn and the results were analyzed. Results: This study showed that out of six studying hospitals, four were contaminated by rats and out of these four hospitals, one unit was contaminated by Rattuss rattusus and three units by Mus musculus. Also out of 17 health care centers, four were contaminated by house mice. Discussion and Conclusion: Contamination and damage by rats in hospitals and health care centers is significant. It is recommended that authorities take necessary measures to prevent the contamination of hospitals and health care centers by rats. They should also try to control or eradicate them. Copyright © 2018 Journal of Communicable Diseases

A survey on some risk factors and evaluation of their impacts on streptococcosis in rainbow trout farms in east of Mazandaran province (Haraz River)

One of the most important bacterial fish diseases which has caused some outbreaks in rainbow trout farms in Iran is streptococcusis .The farmers were suffering from huge economic losses due to the disease outbreaks in different rainbow trout farms in Iran. The aim of our study was to determine rate of streptococcusis incidence in different stage of growth in farmed rainbow trout in Haraze River, Mazandaran province. Fish and water samples were randomly collected and measured of randomly in10 selected farms, monthly throughout a year. After clinical observations, Isolation and recognition of strep strains were made using biochemical tests. Some Environmental factors include Nitrate, Nitrite, Temperature, pH, Ammonia and DO measured during sampling periods. According to our results 4.6% of juvenile samples showed clinical singe of streptococcusis while only0.7% of them had strep. Contamination .These rates in adult samples were 8.9 and 1 percent respectively. Major isolated bacterial strain was Streptococcus uberis. Incidence of streptococcusis in rainbow trout 20% affected by fluctuation of Nitrite, temperature and DO. Management of these factors can decrease rate of disease outbreaks