Prevalence of thyroid abnormalities among type 2 diabetes patients

Background: The present study was conducted for assessing the prevalence of thyroid abnormalities among type 2 diabetes patients. Materials & methods:  This was a hospital based cross sectional study .A total of 100 type 2 diabetic patients were enrolled. Complete demographic and clinical details of all the patients was obtained. Clinical examination was carried out in all the patients and detailed medical history was recorded. Blood samples were obtained and glycemic profile was evaluated. Thyroid profile was evaluated using auto-analyzer. All the results were recorded and analyzed using SPSS software. Results: Thyroid dysfunction was present in 18 percent of the patients. Out of 52 patients with HbA1c>8%, thyroid dysfunction was present in 26.92 percent while out of 48 patients with HbA1c<8%, thyroid dysfunction was present in 8.33 percent of the patients. Significant correlation was observed while correlation thyroid dysfunction with glycemic profile. Conclusion: Significant proportion of diabetic patients are affected by thyroid dysfunction. Also, its prevalence significantly correlates with glycemic profile

Assessment of prevalence of self-medication practices and its associated factors in Odisha, India

Background: Self‑medication is an important health issue especially in developing countries like India. The present study was conducted to assess prevalence of self-medication practices and its associated factors in Odisha, India. Materials & Methods: 160 subjects of both genders were included. Data on practice of self‑medication, and reasons for use of self‑medication were collected. Perception about harm caused due to self‑medication, whether one is likely to use the same strategy for own use/or recommend to others in future was recorded. Responses were coded in Likert scale form and the responses were strongly disagree, disagree, agree, and strongly agree. Results: Out of 160 subjects, males were 90 and females were 70. Common symptoms for self- medication was fever in 35%, headache in 15%, abdominal pain in 12%, joint pain in 8%, common cold in 6%, allergy in 5%, diarrhea in 12% and sore throat in 7%. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Method of procurement for self-medication was previous prescription in 56%, remembering the name of drug in 20%, stored drugs at home in 10% and telling the symptoms to pharmacists in 14%. The difference was significant (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The most common symptoms for self- medication was fever.&nbsp

Manifestation of musculoskeletal disorders among diabetes mellitus patients at a tertiary centre

Objectives: Musculoskeletal diseases, or MSDs, are injuries and illnesses that affect the musculoskeletal system or how the human body moves. Diabetes mellitus and several musculoskeletal disorders (MS) are connected (DM). This study aims to examine the connection between musculoskeletal issues and diabetes mellitus in diabetic patients. Methods: Patients with diabetes mellitus were included in a cross-sectional study. Both the patient's demographic data and the DM features were noted. Clinical tests and research were used to evaluate musculoskeletal and vascular diseases. The factor correlations of MS illnesses were assessed using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 308 individuals were included, of whom 84.5 percent had type 2 diabetes and 15.5 percent had type 1 diabetes. Twenty-five percent of the patients had osteoarthritis. Dupuytren's contracture was detected in 1.29 percent of cases, Carpel tunnel syndrome in 9.0 percent, and reduced joint mobility in 4.22 percent of cases. In 15.5 percent of cases, shoulder capsulitis was detected. Increased prevalence of hand anomalies was linked to long-term diabetes and dyslipidemia. Conclusions: Numerous elements of diabetes have been connected to musculoskeletal disorders. Haemoglobin A1c levels do not appear to be related to the onset of musculoskeletal disorders

The incidence of maxillary sinus carcinoma in nasal mass

The external nose is pyramidal in shape with its root above and base directed downwards. The framework is composed of bones and cartilages. The bones are the two nasal bones articulating medially. Laterally they articulate with the frontal process of maxilla, superiorly to the medial part of nasal notch of frontal bone and inferiorly to the lateral cartilage of nose and posteriorly with the perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone. Considering the malignant conditions of nose &   PNS, the most common issq.  cell carcinoma of maxillary sinus (37.S°lc>), followed by S. q cell carcinoma of nose (25%), and then Adenocarcinoma of maxillary sinus (1 2.5%), Sq. cell carcinoma of Ethmoid sinus (12.5%) & adenoid cystic carcinoma of maxillary sinus (12.5°/o) These findings are comparable with reports of Cheesman (1957) , who had noted that Sq. cell carcinoma comprised of 80% of cases & Bahadur et al (1984), who reported that most common was Sq. cell carcinoma (65%).Followed by  adenocysticcarcinoma (12%), Adinocarcinoma (12%) Meliginate lanoma (2%) olfactory neuroblastoma(2%)

Comparative study to evaluate safety and efficacy of Metformin versus sitagliptin alone and combination in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (Type 2DM) is chronic, lifelong progressive metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycaemia due to absolute or relative insulinopaenia. The metabolic dysregulation that contributes to hyperglycaemia includes diminished insulin secretion, impaired glucose utilization or increased glucose production, and eventually causes pathophysiological changes in multiple organs and organ systems. Our study showed Sitagliptin was superior in reducing HOMA-IR when compared with metformin. If combination of Sitagliptin and metformin is used far superior reduction will be achieved on HOMA- IR. Limitation of our study was short duration of study and small sample size

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of saroglitazar among pre-diabetes and dyslipidemia

Patients with prediabetes are not only at increased risk of progression to type 2 diabetes, but they are also at high risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) risk compared to normoglycemic people. Further, prediabetes is also often associated with abnormal lipid levels (dyslipidemia). We therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of saroglitazar in patients with prediabetes and dyslipidemia. This was a prospective, single centre, single arm study involving patients with pre-diabetes and dyslipidemia. Subjects with baseline HbA1c 5.7-6.4% and dyslipidemia were enrolled in this study. Subjects with on-going medications affecting blood glucose or lipids were excluded from the study. Saroglitazar 4mg once daily was administered for a period of 24 weeks. The primary outcome was change in serum triglycerides and secondary outcome parameters included changes in other lipid parameters and HbA1c levels at 24 weeks follow-up. Forty patients with prediabetes and dyslipidemia were enrolled in the study. At 24 weeks follow-up, serum triglycerides was significantly reduced from 348 mg/dl to 216 mg/dl (P <0.0001). HbA1c was significantly reduced from 6.3% to 5.5% after 24 weeks of Saroglitazar therapy (P<0.0001).&nbsp