The Accumulation of Tissue Cholesterol and Its Relationship to Bile Acid and Sterol Turnover

Normal and hypophysectomized rats were divided into equal homogeneous groups to determine the effect of cholestyramine, corn oil and cholesterol on the excretion of fecal bile acids and sterols. Bile acid turnover rates, pool sizes, and spectrums were studied and compared

Application area for multiple software product lines in automotive development

International audienceSince today’s well known software product lines (SPL) approaches [1] [2] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [12] focus on one single SPL, a methodology for connection and adjustment of multiple product lines is needed. The paper will shortly survey existing processes and methods e.g. FODA [4] for product lines and show adaptations to automotive industry. The focus of the paper will be an adapted process for automotive functional development, which is based on multiple software product lines (MSPL) and particularly regards customer-supplier relationship. It will propose a general SPL interface to manage using MSPL. The interface consists of a SPL Interface Methodology which defines steps for the adjustment of two or more different SPLs as well as a data interface (SPL Interface Data) which defines a data format for the exchange between different SPL tools. The SPL adjustment is demonstrated with a case study of an imaginary advanced driver assistance system called mobilSoft Adaptive Cruise Control (MCC), which consists of three product lines, one for the whole MCC and two for the subsystems linear tracking and traverse control

X-Ray Diffraction Powder Data for Steroids: Supplement IX

This supplement continues a series of publications which began with a separate section, in the December, 1958 issue. All supplements are listed in the references

X-ray Diffraction Powder Data for Amino Acid Derivatives

This paper follows a group of ten publications in this Journal reporting x-ray diffraction powder data for steroids. The data here reported is for a group of amino acid derivatives

X-Ray Diffraction Powder Data for Steroids: Supplement VIII

This supplement continues a series of publications which began as a separate section, with the Dec. 1958 issue, and has been supplemented periodically since then. Other publications have been March 1961 (Supplement I) Sept. 1962 (Supp. II): March 1963 (Supp. Ill): March 1964 (Supp. IV): Dec. 1964 (Supp. V): Sept. 1965 (Supp. VI) and Dec. 1966 (Supp. VII)

A Rapid Flexible Method for Determining Bile Lipids

A rapid flexible method has been developed for the quantitative determination of bile lipids In gallbladder and hepatic bile and duodenal aspirates. Quantification of bile salts involves separation of bile salt conjugates from one another and other bile lipids by thin layer chromatography. The separated salts are determined using 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and gas liquid chromatography. Cholesterol is determined in petroleum ether extracts of saponified bile by application of the Lieberman-Burchard reaction. Phospholipid phosphorus is determined in purified bile lipid extracts by oxidation followed by application of Bartlett\u27s modification of the Fiske- SubbaRow method

The Role of Lipid Metabolism in B Cell Immune Functions

Evidence indicates that lipid accumulation due to obesity triggers a low-grade, chronic inflammation, which is correlated with the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recent studies provide evidence for the essential role that B cells play in obesity-induced inflammation and the development of insulin resistance. In visceral adipose tissue (VAT), B cells generate self-reactive antibodies (autoantibodies), which increase their pathogenicity. They also activate the production of cytokines by T cells through antigen presentation. Lastly, B cells themselves increase the production of inflammatory cytokines while decreasing the production of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. We hypothesize that neutral lipid accumulation exclusively in B cells will cause them to infiltrate VAT, trigger autoantibody production, and develop an autoimmune pathology. Preliminary research has led to the generation of a B cell-specific CGI-58 knockout (BKO) mice model in order to induce neutral lipid accumulation in B cells. It was found that increased accumulation of triglycerides in CGI-58 BKO mice significantly increased the levels of spontaneous activation in B cells, shown by the increases in the number of germinal center B cells, the surface expression levels of B cell activation markers, and the number of infiltrated lymphocytes in VAT, compared to Flox controls. The goal of this project is to determine the mechanism by which B cell lipid metabolism regulates B cell activation and pathogenicity in obesity-associated insulin resistance.Maryland Summer Scholars Progra