The Role of Audio Visual Contents on the Economic Development of Bangladesh: A Systematic Review

Background: Information is defined as any written audio-visual contents that convey knowledge about a novel person, place, item, circumstance, or environment and communication is the act of transmitting a message to another person. To do so, a sender and a recipient are required as well as a medium, coherent message, and conversation. In this digital age, audio-visual digital contents are playing a significant role on the sustainable economic development of the world.Objectives: The aim of this current review article was to identify the role of audio visual contents on the economic development of Bangladesh.Methodology: An electronic literature search was conducted for the data databases of the study. The data of this study were retrieved from Scopus and Google scholar published from 2004 to 2022. The reference lists of all included studies and relevant systematic reviews were also evaluated to identify additional research. All searches were restricted to English-language and research on humans only. The PRISMA standards were followed to perform this systematic review.Results:Wider use of audio-visual contents can build-up technological knowledge, attitude and practice in cultivationamong the rural farmers. As a result, agricultural productivity is being improved. At the same time, Audio- visual digital contents are playing a potential role to promote teaching-learning process of Bangladesh and simultaneously which can strongly claim that audio-visual contents have a positive contribution to the promotion of GDP of Bangladesh economy.Conclusion:After reviewing the articles it was identified that there are certain role of audio visual contents in agricultural sector and increase knowledge, attitude and practice which has certain impact in other sector like health care, and education. Further project and study required to know the audio-visual concept in-depth contribution of the society. Keywords: Role, audio-visual contents, economic, development, Bangladesh. DOI: 10.7176/JESD/14-2-01 Publication date: January 31st 202

Clostridium Difficile Associated Diarrhea in Children with Hematological Malignancy-Experience from a Pediatric Oncologic Centre, Bangladesh

Background: Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea (CDAD) is considered to be one of the commonest causes of nosocomial diarrhoea worldwide. Gastrointestinal infections in the form of diarrhoea are common in pediatric oncology patients in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Bangladesh. The study was conducted to find out the frequency of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) among diarrheal children with haematological malignancy. Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted from April 2012 to March 2013 at the Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Unit, BSMMU, Bangladesh. Total 58 diarrheal episodes occurred in 51 children with various types of haematological malignancies were included consecutively. Faecal samples of the children were sent to International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B) laboratory for detection of Clostridium difficile antigen (GDH) and toxins (A and/ or B) by Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA). Results: Among 58 diarrheal episodes 22.4% faecal samples were positive for GDH, but none of the faecal samples was positive for toxin A and or B. There were a significant association with leucopenia, severe neutropenia; usage of meropenem plus vancomycin, cefepime plus amikacin, imipenem, cytarabine and omeprazole with GDH positive diarrheal episodes. Conclusion: Positive GDH antigen with a negative result for toxin indicates C. difficile colonization. Among GDH positive episodes, a significantly higher proportion of children had leucopenia, severe neutropenia and usage of some drugs known as risk factors for C. difficile infection. To confirm the CDI advanced tests are needed