Simple IP subnet VLAN implementation

This paper describes a simple method of implementing an IP subnet VLAN. Normally, switches have to exchange VLAN membership information with its neighboring switches via some form of VLAN registration protocol. This is to ensure proper operation of VLAN forwarding and VLAN filtering services in a LAN. However, in the implementation done by the authors in this paper, no VLAN membership information is exchanged between any switches. The VLAN registration protocol is simply replaced by the router that sends a simple periodic multicast packet to all switches in the LAN. Some conformance testing is done to verify the correctness of the implementation. Some minor limitations about the implementation are described as well

Efficient routing for IP subnet VLAN over Ethernet

Existing IP routing algorithms have been developed mainly for non-VLAN networks. For these routing algorithms to work, an end station must be attached to its associated network. The introduction of VLAN hits, however, allowed the physical location of the end station to be changed from time to time. Therefore, some extra mechanism is required to support routing in VLAN environment. Existing approaches have some drawbacks in terms of inefficiency in traffic forwarding and switch software complexity. In this paper, a simple and efficient method for routing over IP subnet VLAN in Ethernet is proposed. This method has been implemented in hardware and found to work correctly. Various measurements and analyses have been performed to verify the efficiency of this protocol. Copyright (C) 2002 John Wiley Sons, Ltd

Secure SetRequest and GetResponse for SNMP: APSSNMP

The security mechanisms for Simple Network Management Protocol version 1 and version 2 (SNMPv1 and SNMPv2) are trivial, and therefore its potential to be a network management protocol has been limited to merely an observation/monitoring protocol. These security concerns were addressed by SNMPv3 (USM and VACM), but it is complex and difficult to implement on today’s deployed systems. The proposed APSSNMP is a simpler implementation that is easier to implement and is resistant to masquerade, modification, and replay threats and also provides confidentiality. APSSNMP can also be easily extended on the agent and provides backward compatibility

Security for network management: Secure setrequest for SNMP-APSSNMP

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APSSNMP as a protocol for managing network appliances

Network appliances are getting more popular and common both in the household and in industry. As more items become network aware, the variety of items also increases drastically. This leads to more heterogeneous systems with different vendors providing different implementations. As network appliances' functionality is expanded, people develop a greater dependence on them and hence their status and the ease of controlling them become of paramount importance. It is also beneficial for the network appliances to be able to integrate with a large existing network for easier access. TCP/IP is a protocol with a large user base and is also the protocol of choice for the Internet. It is also a well-tested and used protocol that is robust with many well developed hardware and even wireless access. capabilities. This makes TCP/IP a suitable protocol to link network appliances or at least to link them to the outside. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is the network management protocol of choice for TCP/IP. It is vital that the management protocol has sufficient security, as it might be disastrous for many networked appliances if exposed to unauthorized access such as alarms and temperature control. APSSNMP (Application Secure SNMP) as proposed, is a simpler implementation that is easier and less costly to implement. It is also resistant to masquerade, modification, replay threats and also provide confidentiality. APSSNMP can be easily extended on the agent and provide backward compatibility with other devices implementing SNM

Inter bridge VLAN registration protocol for IP subnet VLAN

VLAN learning may be performed via inspection of the received frame. Some bridges will not be able to perform VLAN learning via frame inspection due to MAC bridging, VLAN filtering and IP routing process. End-stations attached to these bridges will not be able to join into their VLAN unless all the bridges exchange learnt VLAN information between each other. Exchange of learnt VLAN information will also prevent unnecessary forwarding of traffic to the network segment where VLAN membership no longer exists. A prototype implementation of the VLAN registration protocol for an IP subnet VLAN is described. Some recommendations for more efficient implementation are also give

The Impact of Texting on Comprehension

This paper presents a study of the effects of texting on English language comprehension. The authors believe that English used in texting causes a lack of comprehension for English speakers, learners, and texters. Wei, Xian-hai and Jiang (2008:3) declare “In Netspeak, there are some newly-created vocabularies, which people cannot comprehend them either from their partial pronunciation or from their figures.” Crystal (2007:23) claims; “variation causes problems of comprehension and acceptability. If you speak or write differently from the way I do, we may fail to understand each other.”  In this paper, the authors conducted a questionnaire at Aligarh Muslim University to ninety respondents from five different Faculties and four different levels. To measure respondents’ comprehension of English texting, the authors gave the respondents abbreviations used by texters and asked them to write the full forms of the abbreviations. The authors found that many abbreviations were not understood, which suggested that most of the respondents did not understand and did not use these abbreviations.

Performance Analysis of Some TCP Variants for Routing over Mobile Ad hoc Networks

TCP was designed for wired networks and the sender assumes that packet loss is an indicator of network congestion, but this assumption may not apply to Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs). In Mobile Ad Hoc networks, performance of the standard TCP is significantly degraded due to characteristics of MANET such as route failures due to node mobility and link errors. In this paper, the authors investigate the effects of node’s mobility on the performance of TCP variants such as Reno and Vegas. Reno views the packet loss as signal of network congestion, while Vegas uses the difference in the expected and actual throughput rates as network congestion indicator. Simulation results from the implementation of different static and dynamic scenarios have been obtained. Different routing protocols such as Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Destination Sequence Distance Vector (DSDV) have been investigated to obtain the performance of TCP variants in this paper