Reversible Mode Switching in Y coupled Terahertz Lasers

Electrically independent terahertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are optically coupled in a Y configuration. Dual frequency, electronically switchable emission is achieved in one QCL using an aperiodic grating, designed using computer-generated hologram techniques, incorporated directly into the QCL waveguide by focussed ion beam milling. Multi-moded emission around 2.9 THz is inhibited, lasing instead occurring at switchable grating-selected frequencies of 2.88 and 2.92 THz. This photonic control and switching behaviour is selectively and reversibly transferred to the second, unmodified QCL via evanescent mode coupling, without the transfer of the inherent grating losses

Y coupled terahertz quantum cascade lasers

Here we demonstrate a Y coupled terahertz (THz) quantum cascade laser (QCL) system. The two THz QCLs working around 2.85 THz are driven by independent electrical pulsers. Total peak THz output power of the Y system, with both arms being driven synchronously, is found to be more than the linear sum of the peak powers from the individual arms; 10.4 mW compared with 9.6 mW (4.7 mW + 4.9 mW). Furthermore, we demonstrate that the emission spectra of this coupled system are significantly different to that of either arm alone, or to the linear combination of their individual spectra.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Unconventional Metallicity and Giant Thermopower in a Strongly Interacting Two Dimensional Electron System

We present thermal and electrical transport measurements of low-density (10$^{14}$ m$^{-2}$), mesoscopic two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures at sub-Kelvin temperatures. We find that even in the supposedly strongly localised regime, where the electrical resistivity of the system is two orders of magnitude greater than the quantum of resistance $h/e^2$, the thermopower decreases linearly with temperature indicating metallicity. Remarkably, the magnitude of the thermopower exceeds the predicted value in non-interacting metallic 2DESs at similar carrier densities by over two orders of magnitude. Our results indicate a new quantum state and possibly a novel class of itinerant quasiparticles in dilute 2DESs at low temperatures where the Coulomb interaction plays a pivotal role.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figures (version to appear in Phys. Rev. B

Anti-bunched photons from a lateral light-emitting diode

We demonstrate anti-bunched emission from a lateral-light emitting diode. Sub-Poissonian emission statistic, with a g$^{(2)}$(0)=0.7, is achieved at cryogenic temperature in the pulsed low-current regime, by exploiting electron injection through shallow impurities located in the diode depletion region. Thanks to its simple fabrication scheme and to its modulation bandwidth in the GHz range, we believe our devices are an appealing substitute for highly-attenuated lasers in existing quantum-key-distribution systems. Our devices outperform strongly-attenuated lasers in terms of multi-photon emission events and can therefore lead to a significant security improvement in existing quantum key distribution systems

Ballistic Hall Photovoltammetry of Magnetic Resonance in Individual Nanomagnets

We report on ballistic Hall photo-voltammetry as a contactless probe of localized spin excitations. Spins resonating in the near-field of a two-dimensional electron system are shown to induce a long range electromotive force which we calculate. We use this coupling mechanism to detect the spin wave eigenmodes of a single ferromagnet of sub-100nm size. The high sensitivity of this detection technique, 380 spins/$\sqrt{Hz}$, and its non-invasiveness present advantages for probing magnetization dynamics and spin transport

Quantisation of Hopping Magnetoresistance Prefactor in Strongly Correlated Two-Dimensional Electron Systems

We report an universal behaviour of hopping transport in strongly interacting mesoscopic two-dimensional electron systems (2DES). In a certain window of background disorder, the resistivity at low perpendicular magnetic fields follows the expected relation $\rho(B_\perp) = \rho_{\rm{B}}\exp(\alpha B_\perp^2)$. The prefactor $\rho_{\rm{B}}$ decreases exponentially with increasing electron density but saturates to a finite value at higher densities. Strikingly, this value is found to be universal when expressed in terms of absolute resistance and and shows quantisation at $R_{\rm{B}}\approx h/e^2$ and $R_{\rm{B}}\approx 1/2$ $h/e^2$. We suggest a strongly correlated electronic phase as a possible explanation.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, Proceedings of EP2DS 17, Reference adde