Autecological Life History Studies of Two Geraniums, Geranium richardsonii and Geranium nervosum

Two perennial species of wild geranium (Geranium nervosum Rydb. and G. richardsonii Fisch, and Trautv, [Geraniaceae]) which grow throughout the mountainous regions of western North America were studied to determine the factors influencing the life stage development and distribution of these plants. Attempts were also made to provide some information to assist in the taxonomy of this genus. Geranium richardsonii is found in wet meadows and along streambanks throughout its distribution, Geranium nervosum frequents rocky hillsides and drier meadows throughout its range. Seeds of Q. nervosum had 65o/, germination in the stratification pretreatment. Geranium richardsoniiseeds required scarification to reach 60% germination, Both species germinated in excess of 80% when scarified and stratified. Overwinter survival experiments indicated that Q. richardsonii could survive only in a wet meadow environment while G. nervosum could survive and establish in ail three environments examined, wet meadow, dry hillside, and aspen (Populus tremuloides) grove. Both G. richarasonii and Q. nervosum appeared to be limited by the same environmental factors although the degree of response was different. The seedling stage was the most responsive to environmental stress. Both Q. richardsonii and Q. nervosum seedlings had an optimum temperature range for survival of 20-25°C although they could and did adapt to lower temperatures. Seedlings of neither species could survive soil water potentials (Ψs) of -10 bars or lower. The adult stage of both species was more tolerant of stress and G. nervosum adults could survive (Ψs) of -25 to -30 bars. Geranium richardsonii was less tolerant and appeared to Ψs limited by both Ψs and temperature in its distribution at the Forestry Field Station. The critical factors influencing the distribution G. nervosum and Q. richardsonii were similiar but the species reacted to them in different ways. Geranium richardsonii was able to survive in environments that were highly saturated with water and under heavy cover. Geranium nervosum, although limited by temperatures above 32°C, was able to live in drier conditions by virtue of a tap root system. Hence, although the distribution of these two species was similiar, they were seperated by their response to environmental conditions

The consciousness of damnation : A hermeneutical phenomenology of the fall of the self in Matthew Lewis\u27s The Monk .

When Ambrosio in Matthew Lewis\u27s 1796 gothic masterpiece, The Monk , signs a contract relegating his soul to Satan and eternal damnation, he has reached the culmination of 442 pages of mental anguish, of his self wrestling with his conscience to overcome what philosopher Paul Ricoeur terms the servile will (The Symbolism of Evil 151). In the novel, Ambrosio, a monk the reader discovers has become the pawn of Satan, hurls himself down a path to damnation in consciousness, a phenomenological path that leads to the damnation of his own self. The purpose of this dissertation is to explore this path through the rich symbols present at each step. Hermeneutic-phenomenology--specifically the work of Ricoeur supplemented by works of other phenomenologists such as Edmund Husserl--will provide the foundation for interpretation of the symbols along Ambrosio\u27s phenomenological path to damnation. This will reveal that Ambrosio\u27s self, in effect, damns itself after it progresses down the steps of the path. Ambrosio\u27s conscience acts as the self\u27s internal mirror, striving to present a true picture of his self, which resists this truth as it is defined and shaped through false intersubjective constitution with the characters, events, and settings in the iv text, which leads to Ambrosio\u27s existence in what philosopher Jean Paul Sartre terms bad faith. This work will also trace how Ambrosio\u27s conscience, as it struggles to present truth to Ambrosio\u27s self, evolves from Ricoeur\u27s idea of the unhappy conscience to the accused and condemned consciences to what I deem the damned conscience as Ambrosio\u27s self moves from Ricoeur\u27s objective pole of sin to the subjective pole. I will expand the steps to damnation from Ricoeur\u27s defilement, sin, and guilt in his The Symbolism of Evil to include original sin and the seven deadly sins at the beginning of the path, and punishment as the final step of the phenomenological path to damnation. In addition, this work posits the symbolism and themes in Lewis\u27s work with other works of gothic literature such as Charlotte Dacre\u27s Zofloya: or the Moor (1808), Mary Shelley\u27s Frankenstein (1818), Edgar Allen Poe\u27s Ligeia (1838) and The Black Cat (1843), Robert Louis Stevenson\u27s Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1886), and Bram Stoker\u27s Dracula (1897). Works of gothic art by Romantic artists such as Henry Fuseli, Francisco de Goya, and William Blake are also analyzed in relation to symbolism and themes in Lewis\u27s work

Unwed Mothers in Medieval England

Discussions of the legal rights and disabilities of illegitimate children abound in the historical records of medieval Europe. Reference to their mothers, on the other hand,is scarce, making it difficult to recover their experiences, and the attitudes of their communities towards them. Consequently, the mothers of illegitimate children havebeen largely overlooked by medievalists. This article attempts to recover the experiences of, and attitudes towards, the mothers of illegitimate children in Medieval England. Drawing upon evidence from the records of English civil and ecclesiastical courts, diocesan and archidiaconal visitations, and diocesan synods, it argues thatthere was considerable flexibility regarding the definition of, and attitudes towards,the mothers of illegitimate children in medieval England

Early childhood education in Korea

노트 : Paper Presented at the Florida Association for Children Under Six ConferenceSeptember 1992 Orlando, Florid

Managing pecans in the home landscape

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