Research spotlight : Do natural resources support economic growth?

Related links: http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2010/q4/research_spotlight_weblinks.cfmEconomic development ; Natural resources

Jargon alert : Information asymmetry

Related links: http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2010/q4/jargon_alert_weblinks.cfmEconomics

Debt and defaults : the growing market - and tab - for student loans

Related links: http://www.richmondfed.org/publications/research/region_focus/2010/q4/feature1_weblinks.cfmStudent loans ; Debt

Upfront: Regional news at a glance

Federal Reserve District, 5th

Upfront : Regional news at a glance

Federal Reserve District, 5th

View of Our Solar System

Educação Superior::Ciências Exatas e da Terra::AstronomiaEnsino Médio::FísicaExplore as distâncias relativas entre o Sol e os planetas. Os planetas estão fora de escala, mas em proporções corretas, exceto para o Sol e Plutão (por razões estéticas). Você pode se afastar ou se aproximar mais do Sol, observando melhor o Sistema Sola

View of Our Solar System

Educação Superior::Ciências Exatas e da Terra::AstronomiaEnsino Médio::FísicaExplore as distâncias relativas entre o Sol e os planetas. Os planetas estão fora de escala, mas em proporções corretas, exceto para o Sol e Plutão (por razões estéticas). Você pode se afastar ou se aproximar mais do Sol, observando melhor o Sistema Sola

A randomized, double-blind, futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease

BACKGROUNDCreatine and minocycline were prioritized for testing in Phase II clinical trials based on a systematic evaluation of potentially disease modifying compounds for Parkinson disease (PD).OBJECTIVETo test whether creatine and minocycline alter the course of early PD relative to a predetermined futility threshold for progression of PD in a randomized, double-blind, Phase II futility clinical trial. Agents that do not perform better than the futility threshold are rejected as futile and are not considered for further study.METHODSParticipants had a diagnosis of PD within 5 years, but did not require medications for the management of symptoms. The primary outcome was the change in the total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score from baseline to either the time when there was sufficient disability to warrant symptomatic therapy for PD or 12 months, whichever came first. Subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to receive creatine 10 g/day, minocycline 200 mg/day, or matching placebo. The futility threshold was set as a 30% reduction in UPDRS progression based on the placebo/tocopherol arm of the Deprenyl And Tocopherol Antioxidative Therapy Of Parkinsonism (DATATOP) trial. p values < or = 0.1 indicate futility.RESULTSTwo hundred subjects were randomized to the three groups. Neither creatine (p = 0.96) nor minocycline (p = 0.66) could be rejected as futile based on the DATATOP futility threshold. The rate of progression for the calibration placebo group fell outside the 95% CI for the DATATOP historical control. In a sensitivity analysis, based on the threshold derived from the calibration placebo group, again neither drug could be rejected as futile. Tolerability was 91% in the creatine group and 77% in the minocycline group. Common adverse events included upper respiratory symptoms (26%), joint pain (19%), and nausea (17%).CONCLUSIONSBoth creatine and minocycline should be considered for definitive Phase III trials to determine if they alter the long term progression of Parkinson disease (PD). Additional factors must be weighed before selecting agents for Phase III trials, including safety, tolerability, activity, cost, and availability of these two agents in comparison with other agents currently in development for PD