73 research outputs found
The Emotional Dilemma: Influence of a Human-like Robot on Trust and Cooperation
Increasing anthropomorphic robot behavioral design could affect trust and
cooperation positively. However, studies have shown contradicting results and
suggest a task-dependent relationship between robots that display emotions and
trust. Therefore, this study analyzes the effect of robots that display
human-like emotions on trust, cooperation, and participants' emotions. In the
between-group study, participants play the coin entrustment game with an
emotional and a non-emotional robot. The results show that the robot that
displays emotions induces more anxiety than the neutral robot. Accordingly, the
participants trust the emotional robot less and are less likely to cooperate.
Furthermore, the perceived intelligence of a robot increases trust, while a
desire to outcompete the robot can reduce trust and cooperation. Thus, the
design of robots expressing emotions should be task dependent to avoid adverse
effects that reduce trust and cooperation.Comment: Accepted at 2023 32nd IEEE International Conference on Robot and
Human Interactive Communication (RO-MAN
Explain yourself! Effects of Explanations in Human-Robot Interaction
Recent developments in explainable artificial intelligence promise the
potential to transform human-robot interaction: Explanations of robot decisions
could affect user perceptions, justify their reliability, and increase trust.
However, the effects on human perceptions of robots that explain their
decisions have not been studied thoroughly. To analyze the effect of
explainable robots, we conduct a study in which two simulated robots play a
competitive board game. While one robot explains its moves, the other robot
only announces them. Providing explanations for its actions was not sufficient
to change the perceived competence, intelligence, likeability or safety ratings
of the robot. However, the results show that the robot that explains its moves
is perceived as more lively and human-like. This study demonstrates the need
for and potential of explainable human-robot interaction and the wider
assessment of its effects as a novel research direction
VITA-D: Cholecalciferol substitution in vitamin D deficient kidney transplant recipients: A randomized, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the post-transplant outcome
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vitamin D does not only regulate calcium homeostasis but also plays an important role as an immune modulator. It influences the immune system through the induction of immune shifts and regulatory cells resulting in immunologic tolerance. As such, vitamin D is thought to exert beneficial effects within the transplant setting, especially in kidney transplant recipients, considering the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in kidney transplant recipients.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>The VITA-D study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study with two parallel groups including a total of 200 kidney transplant recipients, is designed to investigate the immunomodulatory and renoprotective effects of cholecalciferol (vitamin D<sub>3</sub>) within the transplant setting. Kidney transplant recipients found to have vitamin D deficiency defined as 25-hydroxyvitamin D<sub>3 </sub>< 50 nmol per liter will be randomly assigned to receive either oral cholecalciferol therapy or placebo and will be followed for one year. Cholecalciferol will be administered at a dose of 6800 International Units daily over a time period of one year.</p> <p>The objective is to evaluate the influence of vitamin D<sub>3 </sub>substitution in vitamin D deficient kidney transplant recipients on the post-transplant outcome. As a primary endpoint glomerular filtration rate calculated with the MDRD formula (modification of diet in renal disease) one year after kidney transplantation will be evaluated. Incidence of acute rejection episodes, and the number and severity of infections (analyzed by means of C-reactive protein) within the first year after transplantation will be monitored as well. As a secondary endpoint the influence of vitamin D<sub>3 </sub>on bone mineral density within the first year post-transplant will be assessed. Three DXA analyses will be performed, one within the first four weeks post-transplant, one five months and one twelve months after kidney transplantation.</p> <p>Trial Registration</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00752401</p
Novel Oral Anticoagulants and Intracranial Hemorrhage
With the increasing use of novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or direct oral anticoagulants, vascular neurologists and neurocritical care providers are more commonly encountering situations in which decisions need to be made about either starting or reversing these medications. The most common clinical indication for the NOACs is atrial fibrillation, and the most dreaded complication of NOACs is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). This brief review will summarize the data on the safety and efficacy of the NOACs, with an emphasis on ICH, as well as the strategies to reverse the anticoagulation effects of the NOACs in those suffering bleeding complications
Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide during transient focal cerebral ischemia leads to chronic CNS inflammation
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