Academia das Ciências de Lisboa: estudo orgânico-funcional e proposta de classificação (1779-1978)

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

REFLEXÕES SOBRE QUALIDADE AMBIENTAL URBANA

This text is an attempt to contribute to an advance in the reflections on the most immediate urban environmental problems, that is, those which can be understood within the context of urban green, building standards and populational concentration; problems which are therefore palpable in terms of their immediate apprehension. Thus, what is intended in this discussion is to explain, through concepts elaborated by different authors, what is understood by environmental quality and propose, if possible, a methodology to investigate urban environmental quality. Keywords : urbanization, environmental quality, life condition, urban vegetation.Este texto visa contribuir para o avanço das reflexões acerca dos problemas ambientais urbanos mais imediatos, ou seja, aqueles que se inserem num contexto apreendido entre o verde urbano e os padrões de edificação e concentração populacional; logo, palpáveis do ponto de vista da apreensão imediata. Assim, o que se pretende nessa discussão é explicitar, através de conceitos elaborados por diversos autores, o que se entende por qualidade ambiental e se é possível uma proposta metodológica pronta para se investigar a qualidade ambiental urbana. Palavras-chave: urbanização, qualidade ambiental, qualidade de vida, vegetação urbana

A VEGETAÇÃO NOS CENTROS URBANOS: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE OS ESPAÇOS VERDES EM CIDADES MÉDIAS BRASILEIRAS

The present paper intends to identify the importance of vegetation for Brazilian urban areas. Vegetation has been understood as an important element by the perception of the community and city planners since century XIX. The objective of the paper is to understand how vegetation gets in urban centers and how it perpetuates as a special element associated to public squares. The emphasis given to plazas is justified by important presence of this kind of public squares on urban centers. It is important in this paper to discuss vegetation diversity, its use for the poorest part of population and the negligence of government related to this places. Then, the paper presented intends to give importance to aspects of vegetation and public squares in Presidente Prudente – SP, Ribeirão Preto – SP and Uberlândia – MG, all considered average cities. KEY-WORDS: Urban vegetation, life condition, urbanization, recreation, average cities.O presente texto procura identificar o significado da vegetação no espaço urbano brasileiro a partir da sua inserção como elemento necessário à cidade, considerando se a percepção da população e planejadores, despertada, sobretudo, a partir do século XIX. Nessa perspectiva, objetiva-se abordar o modo como a vegetação adentrou o espaço urbano, bem como se perpetuou e passou a ser cobrada expressivamente no cenário urbano contemporâneo, em especial como elemento associado às áreas de lazer. A ênfase dada às praças públicas justifica-se pela presença marcante destas na composição dos espaços urbanos, levando-se em consideração a sua diversidade, seus usos por parcelas significativas da população mais carente e o descaso do poder público para com as mesmas. Ainda, procura-se destacar aspectos da vegetação e de áreas verdes públicas como praças e parques nas cidades de Presidente Prudente-SP, Ribeirão Preto-SP e Uberlândia-MG, todas consideradas como cidades médias. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: vegetação urbana, qualidade de vida, urbanização, lazer, cidades médias

Elderly patients and the idea of having medication deprescribed: a mixed method study in Portuguese primary health care

Introduction Deprescribing is the process of tapering or stopping medications aiming at improving patient outcomes and optimising current therapy. Some studies tried to identify which patients will have inappropriate medication deprescribed, but none found any association with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, number of prescribed medications or time length. Our aim was to determine Portuguese elderly patients’ attitudes and beliefs regarding medication use and their willingness to have regular medications deprescribed. Material and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study in triangulation in primary care centres from mainland Portugal and its autonomous regions. We used a random sample of 386 polymedicated older adult patients that answered the questionnaire between October 2018 and February 2019. For the quantitative analysis, we used sociodemographic characteristics, clinical profile and medication. For the qualitative analysis, we studied an included open-question by coding participants’ answers, common codes were grouped together. Convergent mixed methods design was performed. Results 74.0% expressed the belief that medicines were generally beneficial. 19.9% reported a strong belief that medicines were harmful and 33.4% that they were overused. 61.8% were against the idea of deprescribing and 24.6% were in favour of deprescription. Those against the idea had lower education level (p=0.006) and a higher number of self-perceived morbidities (p=0.001) than those not against it. Conclusions Medication benefits were accepted by the majority of patients who also were against the idea of deprescribing. It is important that doctors are aware of this reality, namely in the primary care setting. Addressing the patients’ fears and beliefs and making the deprescribing process possible.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Exploring professional practice environments and organisational context factors affecting nurses’ adoption of evidence-based practice: a scoping review

This scoping review, conducted within the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework, analysed the recent literature (January 2018 to March 2023) addressing factors inherent to professional practice environments and organisational contexts influencing nurses’ adoption of evidence-based practice (EBP). This review included studies involving nurses regardless of sector, practice setting, and scope of practice. A systematic search was undertaken across the PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, and MEDLINE databases, as well as the EThOS, OATD, and RCAAP platforms. The extracted textual elements underwent a content analysis, resulting in a coding structure established through an inductive approach that categorised information into main categories and subcategories linked by similarity and thematic affinity. Forty-one studies were included, revealing four main categories of factors impacting EBP adoption by nurses: (1) organisational dynamics, (2) management and leadership, (3) teamwork and communication, and (4) resources and infrastructure. The study’s limitations acknowledge the subjective nature of categorisation, recognising potential variations based on individual perspectives despite adopting procedures to minimise the risk of bias. The results provide a substantial foundation for developing interventions to cultivate environments conducive to EBP adoption by nurses, thereby enhancing the integration of evidence into nurses’ professional practice contexts. This review was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (registration no. osf.io/e86qz).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Nanopartículas en el empleo de productos naturales para el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón

Objective: Carry out a bibliographical survey about the use of nanoparticles in the delivery of natural products for the treatment of lung cancer. Methods: A bibliographic review was made using the descriptors “Nanoparticles”, “Biological Products” and “Lung Neoplasms”, through the databases ScienceDirect, PubMed and SciELO, in the period from 2009 to 2018. Results: After analyzing the articles according to the inclusion criteria, we obtained 31 articles, of which 25.81% refer to natural products in the treatment of lung cancer, 29.03% to nanoparticles in the treatment of lung cancer and 45.16 % to nanoparticles as carriers of natural products for the treatment of lung cancer. Conclusion: The use of nanoparticles allows the delivery of natural products, increasing their therapeutic properties against lung cancer cells, and decreasing the side effects of these highly toxic agents.Objetivo: Realizar un estudio bibliográfico sobre el uso de nanopartículas en el transporte de productos naturales para el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica utilizando los descriptores “Nanoparticles”, “Biological Products” y “Lung Neoplasms”, a través de las bases de datos ScienceDirect, PubMed y SciELO, en el período comprendido entre 2009 y 2018. Resultados: Después del análisis de los artículos de acuerdo con los criterios de inclusión, obtuvimos 31 artículos, de los cuales 25.81% hacían referencia a productos naturales en el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón, el 29.03% a nanopartículas en el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón y un 45.16 % a nanopartículas como agentes transportadores de productos naturales para el tratamiento del cáncer de pulmón. Conclusión: El uso de nanopartículas permite el transporte de productos naturales, aumentando sus propiedades terapéuticas contra las células de cáncer de pulmón, además de disminuir los efectos secundarios de estos agentes altamente tóxicos

Tradução e adaptação do conteúdo da COCAF-4 para o Português Europeu

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THE CHALLENGES OF THE NATURAL GAS MARKET IN BRAZIL AS A POTENTIAL INDUCER OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION AND SOUTH AMERICAN INTEGRATION

Natural gas has a dual role in the energy transition and regional energy integration. In South America, the gas market is expected to be more prominent, taking advantage of the 7.8 billion cubic meters in reserves and existing bilateral relations to connect markets, although the role of gas in the transition and integration specifically in the region is not equal to the rest of the world. In Brazil, the gas market is witnessing changes following the New Gas Law, aiming to transform a vertically integrated market into a competitive market, taking advantage of the growth in Brazilian production and the prospect of greater supply available in the coming years. In this context, this article questions the potential role of gas as a driver of the energy transition and integration in South America, especially given the changes underway in the Brazilian gas market. The objective is to explore how gas can be a driver of the energy transition and South American integration from a Brazilian perspective. The main results elucidate that the supply and demand conditions in the Brazilian gas market and the regulatory updates for its opening do not attribute an explicit role to this energy source in the transition to a low-carbon economy and are not supported by regional integration, however, it could be a facilitator of these processes