Ahmarian Lithic Culture from Early Upper Paleolithic at Üçağızlı Cave

Paleolithic period reflects the stratigraphy, chronology, and cultural phenomenon with the help of fossil people, as well as within this period the people’s adaptation processes, the identification of the faunal and floral remnants, and organization of people’s living space are also investigated. Paleolithic period is divided into as lower, middle and upper, and those periods are dated between 2.500.000 and 10.000 years. Human evolutionary process in the Paleolithic time, stone tools technical and typological characteristics is made up past human population behaviors data. In this study, stone tool technology at Üçağızlı Cave in Ahmarian culture will be discussed. Üçağızlı Cave is an Upper Paleolithic settlement to dated 27 to 42,000 years ago and had been continuously inhabited by humans for 12,000 years. The culture of the Upper Paleolithic cave Ahmarian layers constitutes the final placement. This culture is characterized with higher blade/bladelet tool, lower unretouched tool and the presences of the protoprismatic cores, and it is different than Aurignacien culture. The features of Ahmarian cultures in Üçağızlı Cave show that their Upper Paleolithic culture is within the Levantine

Squatting Facet: A Case Study Dilkaya and Van-Kalesi Populations in Eastern Turkey

Anomalies of the skeleton provide information on living conditions, cultural structure and health problems in ancient societies. Squatting facet is a kind of anomaly that forms on the surfaces where the tibia and talus articulate is the squatting facet states the daily activities and living style of the society. The aim of this study is to learn the daily activities of the medieval societies in the Van region through studying of squatting facets. In this study, adult skeletons from Dilkaya and Van Kalesi-Eski Van Şehri societies dating to the Medieval Age were investigated (65 tibia and 82 tali from Dilkaya, 61 tibia and 52 tali from Van Kalesi-Eski Van Şehri). The lateral squatting facet had high ratios in both societies. The tibia lateral squatting facet found on females and males of Dilkaya was 97.2% and 96.9%, respectively, and on females and males of Van kalesi Eski Van Şehri was 87.5% and 89.2 %, respectively. The talus lateral squatting facet found on females and males of Dilkaya was 72.1% and 51.3%, respectively, and on females and males of Van kalesi Eski Van Şehri was 91.2% and 83.7%, respectively. The results provide an opportunity to study the relationship between past and modern population, and also describe the daily activity of life and cultural structure

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha in rat testis during chronic renal failure

Introduction. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is known to influence testis function. Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) is expressed in the postnatal testis, and has been demonstrated to stimulate testis development. Systemic diseases such as chronic renal failure (CRF) interfere with hypothalamic-pituitary-go­nadal axis, which may cause defective steroidogenesis and gonadal functions. The aim of this study was to inve­stigate the expression and localization of VEGF and TGF-α in testicular tissues of experimental CRF model. Material and methods. Experimental CRF was induced in rats by the resection of more than 85% of renal mass. The expression of VEGF and TGF-α in testicular tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry on paraffin sections of control, CRF-nondialysed and CRF-dialysed rats. Results. The microscopic evaluation of the testicular structure showed that CRF did not affect testicular histology. Immunohistochemical evaluation showed that VEGF was expressed in the cytoplasm of primary and secondary spermatocyte series as well as the early spermatids. Staining intensity was lower in sperma­tocytes going through the first meiotic division. TGF-α was expressed in the nuclei of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes with stronger staining intensity in spermatogonia. The intensity of VEGF staining was similar in control and experimental animals, however, TGF-α expression was lower in the CRF group.Conclusions. The continuous expression of VEGF in spermatocytes and spermatids suggests that the applied model of CRF does not directly disrupt morphology of seminiferous epithelium, thus also spermiogenesis. However, difference between control rats and CRF group in TGF-α immunopositivity, which was localised in spermatogonial mitosis step, may suggest the interference of CRF with early stages of spermatogenesis.

AMAMANTANDO AL BAIFO [Material gráfico]

Copia digital. Madrid : Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Subdirección General de Coordinación Bibliotecaria, 201

Human Activity in Palaeolithic Period in Çanakkale Province

It is acknowledged in the light of today's information that human species first appeared in Africa and spread to other parts of the world. It is one of the most important issues to determine which routes human species took during this process and where their living areas were located. Due to its position between Africa, Asia and Europe, the Anatolian peninsula is a region of critical importance for the investigation of this issue. In Çanakkale province, which is located in a key region in terms of fossil human population spread to Europe, 40 locality where Paleolithic chipped stone finds were found were determined during the surveys carried out between 2014 and 2017. This number is expected to increase as a result of the research to be carried out in the following years. During these researches, 16 caves were found and excavations were initiated in İnkaya Cave, which has an intensive human settlement. In this study, field surveys in Çanakkale province that have been ongoing for 4 seasons and the fossil human traces in the light of the findings obtained from these studies are discussed

Mobility and Settlement Pattern of Middle Paleolithic Assemblage in Hatay

With the increasing ethnological research, many models are created about hunter-gatherers in lifestyles and daily activities. From the beginning of the 1980s, these models were applied on prehistoric communities. In order to create of those models from past, material culture remains of people who lived in this period were examined.With the help of those models, the information about motilities’ of past people lived in Paleolithic period and the evidence such as settlement pattern was reached. In this study, mobility and settlement patterns of Middle Paleolithic Caves, Üçağızlı II, Merdivenli and Tıkalı at Hatay were investigated. As a result of this study past people lived in the Middle Paleolithic period in Hatay, preferred longand short-term settlements, the implementation of logistics and residential mobility were generated